1
Q
What is Fixed Prosthodontics
A
The branch of prosthodontics concerned with the replacement and/or restoration of teeth by artificial substitutes that are NOT readily removed from the mouth
2
Q
Define Extracoronal
A
That which is outside or external to, the crown portion of a natural tooth
Ex: Complete crown; Partial Veneer crown; Onlay
3
Q
Define Complete Crown and give the 5 examples
A
A restoration that covers all the coronal tooth surfaces
- Full metal crown (FMC) (formerly Complete veneer crown)
- Metal Ceramic crown (MCC)
- Porcelain Fused to metal (PFM)
- All ceramic crown (ACC)
- All resin crown, Resin veneer crown
4
Q
Describe a partial veneer crown
A
A restoration that restores all but one coronal surface of a tooth or dental implant abutment, usually not covering the facial surface
- 3/4 crown
5
Q
Describe Onlay
A
- A restoration that restores one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surfaces or the entire occlusal surface and is retained by mechanical or adhesive means
6
Q
Define Intracoronal
A
- Within the confines of the cusps and normal proximal/axial contours of a tooth
- Within the normal contours of the clinical crown of a tooth
- **Inlay
7
Q
Describe an Inlay
A
A fixed intracoronal restoration; a dental restoration made outside of a tooth to correspond to the form of the prepared cavity, which is then luted into the tooth
8
Q
Define Fixed Partial Denture (FPD)
A
Any dental prosthesis that is luted, screwed or mechanically attached or otherwise securely retained to natural teeth, tooth roots, and/or dental implant abutments that furnish the primary support for the dental prosthesis, which is being used to replace one or more missing teeth
9
Q
Name the parts of a FPD
A
- Pontic
- Retainer
- Abutment
10
Q
What is the Pontic portion of a FPD
A
- An artificial tooth on a fixed dental prosthesis that replaces a missing natural tooth, restores its function, and usually fills the space previously occupied by the clinical crown
11
Q
What is the Retainer portion of a FPD
A
- Any type of device used for the stabilization or retention of a prosthesis
12
Q
What is the Abutment portion of a FPD
A
- A tooth, a portion of a tooth, or that portion of a dental implant that serves to support and/or retain a prosthesis
13
Q
What is Occlusion? (2)
A
- The act or process of closure or of being closed or shut off
- The static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues
14
Q
Name the two occlusal schemes
A
- Cusp- marginal ridge occlusion (tooth to two teeth)
2. Cusp- fossa occlusion (tooth to tooth)
15
Q
What is the location of contact on opposing tooth for a cusp to marginal ridge occlusion
A
Marginal ridges and occlusal fossae
16
Q
Advantages to Cusp to Fossa occlusion
A
- Occlusal forces are directed parallel with the long axis of the tooth
- These forces are near the center of the tooth, placing very little lateral forces on the tooth
17
Q
Advantages to Cusp to marginal ridge occlusion
A
- Most natural type of occlusion and is found in 95% of adults
- Can be used for single restorations
18
Q
Disadvantages of cusp to fossa occlusion
A
- Since this occlusion type is rarely found in teeth, it usually can only be used when restoring several contacting teeth and the teeth opposing them.
19
Q
Disadvantages of cusp to marginal ridge occlusion
A
- Food impaction and the displacement of teeth may arise if the functional cusps wedge into a lingual embrasure
20
Q
Application for cusp to fossa occlusion scheme
A
Full mouth reconstruction
21
Q
Application for cusp to marginal ridge occlusion scheme
A
Most cast restorations done in daily practice
22
Q
What is Occlusal Equilibration
A
- The modification of the occlusal form of the teeth with the intent of equalizing occlusal stress, producing simultaneous occlusal contacts or harmonizing cuspal relations
23
Q
What are the 4 goals of Dentiform adjustment
A
- To develop a stable occlusal relationship between the upper and lower members
- No anteroposterior or mediolateral rock
- A minimum of three bilateral posterior (2 molars and 1 premolar) contacts
- A minimum of three anterior (canines bilaterally and 1 incisor) contacts
24
Q
What are the basic adjustment rules for a contact needing occlusal equilibration
A
- Always remove 1/2 of the contact identified as needing adjustment. Remove the 1/2 of the contact that will push the contact towards the location it should be in
- Do not shorten functional cusps. Always deepen the corresponding fossa
- Always adjust a prematurity on a triangular ridge or marginal ridge by adjusting the medial and distal slopes
- For anterior pre-maturities, adjust lingual of maxillary anteriors.
25
What happens if vertical dimension is reduced?
Reduces joint space with potential of developing temporomandibular joint symptoms
26
What rule prevents adjusting the functional cusp that results in loss of vertical dimension
BULL rule
Buccal of Upper teeth
Lingual of Lower teeth
27
What is the MUDL rule
Medial of Upper teeth
Distal of Lower teeth
- A guide designed to control adjustments to clear the protrusive interferences without reducing the vertical dimension of occlusion
28
What is the is the objective, clinically, of an occlusal adjustment
To direct the occlusal forces along the long axis of the posterior teeth while the condyles are in their centric relation position
29
3 main categories of Impression Materials
1. Alginate hydrocolloids
2. Agar Hydrocolloids
3. Elastomeric Impression materials
30
# Define the following terms:
- Imbibition
- Syneresis
- Tensile strength
Imbibition: to take in water
Syneresis: to give up water (dry out)
Tensile strength: ability to withstand tearing
31
# Define the following terms:
- Working time
- Setting time
- Mixing time
Working time: time before material begins to set. Starts from time you began mixing and includes time you have to load material into tray or syringe
Setting time: Time it takes for material to be completely set (start to finish)
Mixing time: time you have to "mix the material"
32
What type of hydrocolloid is Alginate
Classified as irreversible hydrocolloid
33
Describe what hydrocolloid is
colloid --> particles are gelatinous
| Hydro --> water state
34
Alginate particles are composed of? (5)
1. Salts of alginic acid, a product of marine kelp
2. An activator, usually calcium sulfate
3. A retarder like sodium phosphate
4. An inert filler to reduce stickiness, produce smooth texture and add strength
5. Flavoring
35
Alginate Uses:
1. Diagnostic study models (patient education, legal documentation, information about wear patterns, missing teeth, margins, etc.)
2. Bleaching tray fabrication
3. Mouth guard fabrication
36
Advantages of Alginate (5)
```
Easy to mix and manipulate
No expensive equipment needed
Elastic and removes from undercuts easy
Cost effective
Pleasant tase and odor
```
37
Disadvantages of Alginate (3)
Poor tear strength when thin
Poor dimensional stability
Distorts if shifted during setting
38
Water temperature should be what for alginate
73 degrees
39
What are the variety types of alginate
Type 1 Fast set
- WT = 1 minute
- ST = 1-2 minutes
Type 2 Normal set
- WT = 1-2 minutes
- ST = 2-4 minutes
40
What 4 things should be considered when selecting a tray for alginate impression
1. Trays should extend distally to cover the maxillary tuberosity and cover the mandibular retromolar pad for maximum anatomical reproduction
2. Tray heights should fully cover the length of anterior and posterior teeth
3. Tray should extend beyond the facial aspect of the teeth with 1/4 inch of space between tray and soft tissue
4. Tray size should be comfortable for patient
41
2 purposes of tray adhesive
1. The adhesive holds the impression material to the tray so that the tray and alginate come out of the patients mouth as one unit
2. To prevent distortion of the impression by securing the alginate tightly against the side of the tray
42
3 ways of mixing
Manual manipulation
Alginator
Vac-u-mix
43
4 items to remember when making an impression
1. Patient upright
2. Doctor in front of patient for mandibular and to the side or posterior for the maxillary
3. Use a syringe to inject material in areas difficult to capture or likely to trap air
4. Seat posterior portion of tray first then roll to the anterior
44
7 things to look for during an inspection of the impression
1. A smooth homogeneous set
2. No separation from the impression tray
3. Coverage of the total dentition and its accompanying fern and vestibular anatomy
4. Presence of voids and air bubbles
5. No evidence of tray visibility in the incisal and occlusal surfaces
6. Sharp anatomical detail
7. Blood, saliva and debris
45
5 items to recognize when disinfecting alginate impressions
1. Antimicrobial agents incorporated into some alginate do not substitute for disinfection
2. Rinse the impression under gently running, room temperature tap water
3. Spray the impression and tray with an immediate-level hospital grade (capable of killing tuberculocidal activity) disinfectant
4. Place the wet impression a plastic bag, seal, and allow to remain for recommended contact time
5. Pour within 30 minutes
46
Agar hydrocolloid is what classification?
Classified as a reversible hydrocolloid
47
Name the contents of an Agar Hydrocolloid
1. Agar
2. Borates
3. Potassium Sulphate
4. Wax
5. Thixotrpoic materials
6. Alkylbenzoates
7. Water
8. Color and Flavoring agents
48
Describe what the following contents of agar hydrocolloid material do?
1. Agar
2. Borates
3. Potassium Sulphate
4. Wax
1. 13-17% for tray material; 6-8% for syringe material
2. Gel strength, retards set of stone (disadv.)
3. Retards effect of borates
4. Filler
49
Describe what the following contents of agar hydrocolloid material do?
5. Thixotrpoic materials
6. Alkylbenzoates
7. Water
8. Color and Flavoring agents
5. Plasticizer, Glycerine or Thymol (bactericide)
6. Preservative
7. Dispersion medium
8. Patient acceptance and comfort
Fixed Prosthodontics
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