Lecture 10

Question 1

What is the structure of a synovial joint? (6)

Answer 1

• (Bone ends)
• Articular cartilage
• Capsule
• Cavity
• Synovial membrane
• Ligaments

Question 2

What is a bursa?

Answer 2

A fluid filled cavity at a joint.

Question 3

The structure of a synovial joint is designed for __________.

Answer 3

The structure of a synovial joint is designed for MOVEMENT.

Question 4

In joints, there is always a trade of between _______ and _______.

Answer 4

In joints, there is always a trade of between STABILITY and MOBILITY.

Question 5

Synovial joints have high ________ and low ______.

Answer 5

Synovial joints have high MOBILITY and low STABILITY.

Question 6

What the words for ‘one axis’, ‘two axes’, and ‘many axes’?

Answer 6

Uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial.

Question 7

What 3 things determine the ROM at a joint?

Answer 7

• bone end shape
• ligament location and length
• body surface contact

Question 8

What are 7 different synovial joint shapes?

Answer 8

1. hinge
2. pivot
3. saddle
4. ellipsoid
5. condylar
6. plane
7. ball and socket

Question 9

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 9

ankle, elbow (humerus with ulna)

interphalangeal joints

Question 10

What kind of motion do hinge joints allow?

Answer 10

Uniaxial (flexion/extension).

Question 11

What is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 11

radioulnar joints (supination/pronation)

Question 12

What kind of motion do hinge joints allow?

Answer 12

Uniaxial (rotation - supination, pronation)

Question 13

What is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 13

Carpometacarpal joint - base of thumb

Question 14

What kind of motion do saddle joints allow?

Answer 14

Biaxial

• flexion - extension
• abduction - adduction
• (also circumduction)
• OBLIGATORY rotation - opposition

Question 15

What kind of motion do ellipsoid joints allow?

Answer 15

Biaxial

• flexion - extension
• abduction - adduction
• (also circumduction)
• NO ROTATION

Question 16

What is an example of a ellipsoid joint?

Answer 16

wrist joint = radiocarpal joint

Question 17

What is an example of a condylar joint?

Answer 17

knee, temperomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 18

What kind of motion do condylar joints allow?

Answer 18

Biaxial

• flexion - extension
• can rotate when flexed.

Question 19

What kind of motion do plane joints allow?

Answer 19

Multiaxial

• ‘sliding’ and ‘gliding’
• flat articular surfaces

Question 20

What is an example of a plane joint?

Answer 20

intercarpal and

intertarsal joints

Question 21

What is an example of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 21

hip, shoulder

Question 22

What kind of motion do ball and socket joints allow?

Answer 22

• flexion - extension
• abduction - adduction
• (thus circumduction)
• rotation