Lecture 13: Dehumanization

Question 1

dehumanization

Answer 1

Perceptions of people as lacking the mental or physical capacities of regular human beings

Question 2

Sumner on dehumanization

Answer 2

People have a tendency to view their group as real people and other groups as less than

Question 3

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1856

Answer 3

Viewed Black people as property rather than humans

Question 4

13th Amendment, 1868

Answer 4

Representatives…shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons…three-fifths of all other Persons.

Question 5

Prince Harry & Dehumanization

Answer 5

“While in the heat of combat, I didn’t think of those 25 as people. You can’t kill people if you think of them as people.”

Question 6

primary emotions include

Answer 6

happiness, pleasure, excitement, sadness

Question 7

secondary emotions include

Answer 7

compassion, tenderness, bitterness, shame

Question 8

subtle dehumanization involves

Answer 8

ascribing less secondary emotions to outgroups (for both positive and negative emotions)

Question 9

subtle dehumanization experiment

Answer 9

Participants were presented with positive and negative primary and secondary emotions. They were told to circle words that best represented their ingroup or the outgroup. Found that people circled more secondary emotions for their ingroup but more primary emotions for their outgroup.

Question 10

implicit dehumanization association study

Answer 10

Samples of students from first grade, fifth grade, and sixth grade completed an IAT measuring association between Spanish (ingroup) and Arab (outgroup) names with “human” (logic, mature) versus “animal” (wild, feral) words. All three samples of students showed ingroup/human, outgroup/Arab associations on the IAT.

Question 11

implicit dehumanization single word study

Answer 11

Participants chose more animal-related words for the outgroup members than for the ingroup members.

Question 12

Bandura’s blatant dehumanization study

Answer 12

• Participants supervised a 3-person group in the other room
• If the group made the wrong decision, give a shock
• Overheard the experimenter describe the group in humanized, dehumanized, or neutral terms
• Dehumanization leads to more aggression as measured by the intensity of shocks given

Question 13

ascent of man measure

Answer 13

• Shows an inaccurate picture of how humans developed from apes
• Asks participants on a scale of 1-100 to indicate how evolved they consider each group to be

Question 14

white American participants and extent of man scale

Answer 14

American participants rated South Koreans, Mexican immigrants, Arabs, and Muslims as less human on this scale

Question 15

Blatant dehumanization of Arabs and Muslims leads to

Answer 15

• Immigration opposition
• Less helping
• Support militaristic aggression
• Drone strike support
  (event after controlling for measures of explicit prejudice)

Question 16

when does dehumanization occur?

Answer 16

Threats to the ingroup lead to more dehumanization

Question 17

examples of threats leading to dehumanization

Answer 17

• There were more anti-Islamic hate crimes immediately following 9/11
• There was greater blatant dehumanization against Muslims immediately after the Boston Marathon bombing

Question 18

blatant dehumanization

Answer 18

the extent to which one believes other people are less-than-human

Question 19

meta-dehumanization

Answer 19

what is the effect of feeling as if you are being dehumanized?

Question 20

dehumanization and meta-dehumanization can be seen as

Answer 20

a vicious cycle

Question 21

Muslim dehumanization and Trump study

Answer 21

A survey of 200 Muslims found that on a scale of 1(did not feel dehumanized at all) to 7 (felt dehumanized intensely), Muslims felt, on average, to be dehumanized at 5.66 by Donald Trump

Question 22

Muslims who felt more dehumanized by Donald Trump were:

Answer 22

• More likely to dehumanize Donald Trump
• More likely to support violent collective action
• Less willing to assist counter-terrorism efforts

Question 23

were meta-dehumanization and dehumanization of Donald Trump correlated?

Answer 23

yes, strongly

Question 24

can high-power groups feel meta-dehumanized

Answer 24

yes, high-power groups can also feel meta-dehumanized by minority low-power groups and reciprocate with dehumanization

Question 25

WEIRD samples

Answer 25

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic

Question 26

motivation to express prejudice

Answer 26

Related to internal/external motivation to control prejudice. Recent research finds that some people have a real desire to express their prejudices.

Question 27

reverse correlation

Answer 27

A new technique in the social psychology literature for trying to subtly measure the way people mentally represent other groups.

Question 28

dehumanization of Muslims following the Boston Marathon bombing

Answer 28

The dehumanization of Muslims increased following the Boston Marathon bombing but went back down within 6 months