ZOO 2090 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Carnivorous Pelycosurs (Sail and Posture)

A
  • Sail used in intra-specific communication or as a solar collector
  • Sprawling posture
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2
Q

Herbivorous Pelycosaurs (teeth and rib cage):

A
  • Blunt teeth organized as a crushing plate
  • Laterally expanded rib cage suggesting a large gut used in fermentation of plant material
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3
Q

Features of Dinocephalians:

A
  • Heavy skulls (used for intraspecific head-butting
  • Begin a trend toward more erect limbs
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4
Q

Features of Cynodonts:

A
  • Mammal-like reptiles
  • Evolved changes in jaw musculature that allowed chewing
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5
Q

Features of Cynodonts (Cranium structure):

A
  • Evolved changes in jaw musculature that allowed chewing
  • Adductor differentiates into masseter and temporalis muscles, expand and invade larger areas of the skull roof bones
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6
Q

Pelycosaurs Characteristics:

A
  • One occipital condyle (like reptiles)
  • Sprawled posture beings a medially directed force toward the shoulder girdle
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7
Q

Cynodonts Characteristics:

A
  • Double occipital condyles (like mammals… Greater mobility of neck
  • Limbs brought underbody, forces directed less toward the midline and more in a vertical direction… Greater stride length
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8
Q

Mammalian Characteristics (4):

A
  1. Feed young milk secreted from mammary glands
  2. Extended parental care of young
  3. Large brain/body size ratio
  4. Hair (integumentary derivative)
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9
Q

Fossil Mammals: Skeletal Characteristics (Cervical):

A

Lack of reduction of ribs, seven cervical vertebrae
1. two condyles
2. best atlas-axis rotation

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10
Q

Fossil Mammals: Skeletal Characteristics (Thoracic)

A

Ribs

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11
Q

Fossil Mammals: Skeletal Characteristics (Lumbar)

A

No ribs

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12
Q

Fossil Mammals: Skeletal Characteristics (Sarcal)

A

Articulate with pelvic girdle

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13
Q

Fossil Mammals: Skeletal Characteristics (Caudal)

A

Presence of hemal arch

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14
Q

Fossil Mammals: Middle Ear Bones (3)

A
  1. Incus
  2. Malleus
  3. Stapes
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15
Q

Fossil Mammals: Jaw Evolution (3)

A
  1. Lower jaw is now made up of a single bone, the dentary
  2. Jaw joint is now between dentary and squamosal
  3. Quadrate and articular are now part of the middle ear
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16
Q

Types of Fossil Mammals Teeth (4):

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A
  1. Incisors
  2. Canines
  3. Premolars
  4. Molars
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