When does conflict arise and what are the two types?
Conflict arises when the benefits and costs of two different individuals are valued differently
Types: parent-offspring and parent-parent
What benefits/costs does the offspring maximize?
B(p) - 1/2C(p)
Because siblings are genetically related by R = 1/2 p
What benefits/costs should parents maximize?
1/2B(p) - 1/2C(p)
All offspring are genetically related to the parent by R = 1/2
What was the conclusion to the stictchbird provisioning study where the offspring and parents were supplemented and provisioning was observed to measure conflict resolution?
Provisioning rate shows plasticity as control parents will provision more to supplemented offspring but supplemented parents will not
When does parental care occur?
When the benefit of deserting is low and the the cost of setting is high (for both males and females)
What was the method to the Kentish turkey study to determine male dominate care?
Performed 2 experiments:
- released one parent and measured how quickly they remated
- manipulated the number of parents present
Results:
- females remated more quickly
- male absence more drastically affected brood survival
Conclusion: male care dominates
What is the method to determining when a female turkey may allocate more care to her brood?
Performed two experiments:
- observed when females spent more time caring for brood during the breeding season
- removed/added eggs to broods
Results:
- females spent more time w their brood when the breeding season was ending
- females in the early season were more compelled to stay if their brood size was large
Conclusion: balance of costs and benefits changes under circumstance
