Lecture 2

Question 1

Lamarck

Answer 1

First person to use the term evolution
- suggested “the inheritance of acquired characters”

Question 2

Explain how Lamarcks theory of inheritance of characters is wrong

Answer 2

suggested that giraffes have long necks because the vegetation that thye eat is higher up and requires them to stretch - they pass this onto the offspring
FALSE
- changes to somatic cells can not be heritable
- cannot go from protein to DNA

Question 3

Darwin + Wallace’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 3

1. all organisms have descended with modification from a common ancestor - living things change overtime
2. the process to evolution is NS

Question 4

Charles Lyell - Uniformitarianism

Answer 4

that the forces and processes that have shaped the surface are the same as in previous years
- the earth was GRADUALLY formed by erosions, earthquakes, volcanos, etc

Question 5

How did Darwin and Wallace develop ideas for evolution

Answer 5

1. gradualism
2. variation patterns (why do the same species look different in different locations)
3. struggle for existence (the resources will be gone and some people will not survive if pop gets too big)

Question 6

Official: Darwin’s 3 Mechanisms of Natural Selection

Answer 6

1. variation - individuals vary in a population
2. hereditary - offspring resembles parents
3. fitness - some are more successful at surviving/reproducing in a given environment

Question 7

True/False
reproduction plays a small role in having successful variation in offspring

Answer 7

false
it is a key factor
the only way to get successful offspring is to pass on your successful genes by reproduction

Question 8

True/False
evolution occurs at the individual level

Answer 8

false
evolution occurs at the level of populations
individuals do not evolve

Question 9

T/F
Individuals do not induce adaptive variation whenever they feel like it

Answer 9

True
- cannot control variation
- not under our control

Question 10

T/F
Environments are always changing and the fitness of one generation may not be the same fitness of the next generation

Answer 10

True
the environments are not stable
- sudden changes to the environment = favouring a different genotype/phenotype to best fit the new environment