List the types of Pain Modulation Modalities
- TENS
- NMES
- IFC
- Ultrasound
- Laser
- Cryotherapy
- Thermotherapy
- Exercise
Why is NMES used?
- used to elicit a contraction
- used to fend off atrophy, re-educate muscle fibres & increase strength potential of a muscle
Edema Reduction Modalities are Contingent on what 3 factors?
1) Capillary Filtration Pressure - contents from capillary outward to the tissue
2) Tissue Hydrostatic Pressure - fluids moved from tissues into the capillaries
3) Hydrostatic Pressure - blood pressure within that capillary
Why is Edema Reduction Important?
- edema is a major contributing factor to the injury cycle
- edema clogs vascular & cellular spaces, preventing O2 from reaching tissues & causing further cell death
- delays cellular regeneration & encourages improper collagen formation
- must attempt to remove edema from injury side through increased venous return, increased lymphatic flow or increased blood circulation
What modalities can be used for Edema Reduction?
- Cryotherapy
- Exercise
- NMES
- Therapeutic Massage
- Intermittent compression units
- ultrasound
What tools are used for Cryotherapy?
- Ice Pack
- Gel Pack
- Ice Massage
- Ice Immersion
- Cold Whirlpool
What tools are used for Therotherapy?
- Warm Hydrocollator Packs
- Warm Whirlpool
- Paraffin Wax
- Ultrasound
- Exercise
What are the 2 types of electrotherapy? Describe them.
Low Frequency Units - High Volt Uninterrupted DC -High Volt Interrupted DC -TENS -NMES (small units) Medium Frequency Units - Inferential Units -NMES - multi-units
What are types of Sound & Light Energy?
- High Frequency (Therapeutic Ultrasound)
- Infrared Laser
- Helium Neon Laser
Each modality... 1. 2. 3. 4.
- Penetrates to different depths
- Responds differently to tissues, structures & interfaces
- Is absorbed, reflected, refracted or transmitted differently through the tissue
- Has a propensity for certain tissues or pathologies
When trying to determine which modality to use you must consider…
1.
2.
3.
- Determine the best modality for the pathology to achieve your aims of treatment
- Choose the modality that targets the tissue is has a propensity for
- Choose the modality that goes to the correct depth
Tissue Propensities for Ultrasound
Organized collagen (ligament, capsule, tendon, interfaces)
Tissue Propensities for Hydrocollator Packs
Dermis, afferents for muscle relaxation
Tissue Propensities for Paraffin Wax
Joints of the extremity
Tissue Propensities for Laser
Epidermis
Applying the wrong modality at the wrong stage or applying it incorrectly will _____ the healing process and in some cases cause more ______.
Applying the wrong modality at the wrong stage or applying it incorrectly will delay the healing process and in some cases cause more damage.
Describe Thermal Modalities
- Transfer of energy to or from body tissue
- Temperature gradient in some cases
- Or conversion of electromagnetic energy
- Conductive and convective
Why do we apply modalities?
Create an environment that promotes healing
what happens when we apply a modality?
apply stress for an adaptive response
when do we apply a modality?
when stress applied is conductive to the healing process in its current healing state
why do we use biofeedback in a rehabilitation environment?
allows the patient to understand when they are doing an exercise appropriately.
Helps the patient recognize when they are properly firing a muscle
how can we reduce edema?
- Effleurage
- Pressure
-IFC, in an elevated position w/AROM will give slight assisstance
What is Fluromethane?
- liquid spray that becomes a solid when in contact with the skin
- used more for rehabilitation then a preventative measure
If an Electrotherapy Modality uses a battery it is what type of frequency?
Low Frequency
