What is the hypothalamus function?
Control of hormone secretion
What is the pineal gland function?
Reproduction maturation; body rhythms
What is the anterior pituitary function?
Hormone secretion by thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads; growth
What is the posterior pituitary function?
Water balance; salt balance
What is the thyroid function?
Growth and development; metabolic rate
What is the adrenal cortex function?
Salt and carbohydrate metabolism; inflammatory reactions
What is the adrenal medulla function?
Emotional arousal
What is the pancreas function?
Sugar metabolism
What is the gut function?
Digestion and appetite control
What is the gonad function?
Body development; maintenance of reproductive organs in adults
What are exogenous hormones?
Hormones from the environment (ie: steroids, pills, chemicals)
What was Berthold’s experiment?
He castrated chicks in order to see what the effects of castration alone versus castration with reimplantation of testis versus castration and transplantation of testis
In Berthold’s experiment, what happened to the chicks that were castrated?
Canonization
Small comb and wattles
No interest in hens
No aggression towards other males
In Berthold’s experiment, what were the effects of castration and reimplantation of testis?
Normal male development
Normal comb and wattles
Normal male behaviors
In Berthold’s experiment, what were the effects of castration and transplantation of testis?
Normal male development
Normal comb and wattles
Normal male behaviors
What are the three classes of evidence to establish hormones and behavior relationships?
The behavior disappears when the hormone is removed or blocked
Replacing the hormone reinstates the behavior
Hormone concentrations and the behavior covariant (behavior occurs when hormone concentration is high; never or rarely when hormone concentrations are low)
What are the four things that Make neural transmission different from hormonal communication?
Hormone concentration
Pattern of hormone release
Hormone receptor (number and location)
Efficiency of receptors to trigger a response
What causes Zebra finches to sing? Levels of analysis:
Levels of analysis: Immediate causation Development Evolution Adaptive function
Hormonal responses to viewing a soccer match: who has higher testosterone levels?
Males at all moments
Hormonal responses to viewing a soccer match: who has higher cortisol levels
At 20:15, females have higher levels
At 21:20, males are slightly higher
At 23:15, males are almost doubled as high
How do you perform ablation and replacement in Berthold’s experiment for example?
- Gland that is suspected to be the source of a hormone affecting a hormone is surgically removed
- The effects of removal are observed
- The hormone is replaced by reimplanting the removed gland, or injecting a purified hormone
- Determine whether the consequence of ablation is reversed by replacement therapy
What are the two types of immunoassay?
RIA
EIA/ELISA
How do you perform radioimmunoassay?
- Test tubes are prepared, each containing a known amount of an antibody to the hormone of interest
- A purified sample of he hormone is labeled with some easily detectable substance
- Sufficient labeled hormone is mixed with the antibody to saturate all binding sites
- In some test tubes, the unbound hormone is washed away, and the amount of labeled hormone bound to the antibody is recorded
- In other test tubes, a sample of unlabeled hormone at a known concentration is added to the mix, which displaces some of the labeled hormone. The decrease in the amount of label bound to the antibody is proportional to the amount of unlabeled hormone added
- By repeating the process using unlabeled hormone at increasing concentrations, a standard curve is created that can be used to determine whether the hormone is present, and at what concentration, in an unknown sample
What question do radioimmunoassays answer?
How much hormone
