Lecture 2 highlights

Question 1

ANESTHESIA:
1) What are the 2 main forms?
2) What are 2 ways to not induce unconsciousness?

Answer 1

1) general & regional
2) Regional blockade (neuraxial or peripheral nerve block)
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)

Question 2

What should all pts get with anesthesia?

Answer 2

Pulse oximetry & capnography for all

Question 3

____________ airway classification for oral opening based on Size of tongue
Size of pharyngeal structures

Answer 3

Mallampati

Question 4

What is the LEMON mnemonic?

Answer 4

Look
Evaluate
Mallampati grade
Obstruction & obesity
Neck mobility

Question 5

_________ should be stopped for 24 hours prior to neuraxial anesthesia (spinal, epidural)

Answer 5

LMWH

Question 6

If neuraxial anesthesia is to be done, a __________ anticoagulant should be initiated instead of LMWH
    or
Avoid the neuraxial approach

Answer 6

substitute

Question 7

List the 3 steps of Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, Wrong Person Surgery

Answer 7

Step 1: Initial verification of intended patient, procedure, & site
Step 2: Marking the site
Step 3: Time out immediately before procedure

Question 8

Neuraxial (spinal & epidural) anesthesia: What is it? Descr the 2 main types

Answer 8

Types of regional anesthesia
below waist, below umbilicus, perineum (spinal)
thoracic, spine, intra-abdominal (epidural)

Question 9

What is the most common complication of spinal anesthesia?

Answer 9

Headache

Question 10

Insertion of small catheter allows __________ use (additional anesthetic for higher block or maintenance) of epidural anesthesia

Answer 10

continued

Question 11

True ___________ anesthesia is useful for procedures on extremities

Answer 11

regional

Question 12

Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU): What are the 3 MC problems?

Answer 12

Post-operative nausea & vomiting (PONV)
Hypothermia
Pain control

Question 13

List some common complications of anesthesia

Answer 13

1) Awareness
2) Peripheral nerve injury (due to positioning)
3) Malignant hyperthermia: emergency, common w succinylcholine
4) Perioperative visual loss

Question 14

What is the most reliable clinical sign for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 14

refractory hypercapnia with increased ETCO2 and tachypnea

Question 15

Malignant hyperthermia:
1) What is a common cause?
2) What is the main Tx?

Answer 15

1) Succinylcholine
2) Dantroline

Question 16

What is the MC cause of perioperative visual loss?

Answer 16

Corneal abrasion