What are two examples of popular personality tests?
Five-factor model (OCEAN)
Myers-Briggs (ENTJ)
OCEAN stands for…
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Why is OCEAN more accurate than Myers Briggs?
OCEAN measures identifying traits that stay consistent throughout time, whereas Myers Briggs results vary greatly depending on participants’ mood
What does clinical psychology focus on? What type of discipline is it?
- focuses on the faults in our consciousness
- identification, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and other problematic behaviours
- applied-based discipline, not research based
3 types
What are the 3 types of clinical psychology?
- humanistic
- cognitive-behavioural approach
- psychoanalysis
What is at the heart of the scientific method?
Observation
Empiricism states that…
accurate knowledge can be gained through observation
What is dogmatism?
clinging to one’s beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence
What is the scientific method?
a procedure for finding information by using empirical/observable evidence
- REPEATABLE observations across many individuals
- lead to the SAME CONCLUSIONS
- OBJECTIVE
What is an anecdote?
true or unreliable/unverified story
Intuition is…
accessing/acquiring knowledge in the absence of conscious reasoning
A hypothesis is a…
testable prediction
Theory vs. hypothesis
Theories: organize our understanding
Hypotheses: test the realities of our theories
What is a theory?
- organization of our observations of natural phenomenon
- proposed explanations for why the phenomena occur
What is inductive reasoning?
observation is made before theory
What is deductive reasoning?
theory is made before observation
What does falsifiable mean?
A theory can be proven wrong.
- theories must be falsifiable to be good
The scientific method is ever ____ and ever _____
ever-correcting, ever-evolving
Name all types of research methods.
Case study, naturalistic observation, survey, longitudinal and cross-sectional research, archival research
