- Which of these is not a physical characteristic one uses to classify prokaryotes?
Differential Staining
Photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic
Motile or nonmotile
Unicellular or colony-forming filamentous
Formation of spores or division by transverse binary fission
Shape
- Which of these is not a molecular characteristic one uses to classify prokaryotes?
Amino acid sequences
Guanine and cytosine percentages
Nucleic acid hybridization
Gene and RNA sequencing
Whole genome sequencing
- What is the name of the manual used to classify prokaryotes?
Bergey’s Manual
- According to the video Bacteria, are all bacteria bad?
No, many types of bacteria are helpful for organisms and ecosystems.
- According to the video Bacteria, regarding the bacteria that colonize your skin, it is good or bad? (and know why or why not)
Some are beneficial and actually help keep harmful strains and other types of pathogens from growing.
- According to the video Bacteria, which statement describes a way bacteria can be beneficial? (the video describes four ways)
Bacteria help break down food in your digestive system
Some bacteria produce food we eat
Bacteria also can be decomposeres
Bacteria also play a role in the nitrogen cycle to fix nitrogen that plants need
- According to the video Bacteria, do antibiotics work on viruses?
They dont work on viruses
- According to the video Bacteria, many bacterial species have a plasmid. What is the definition of a plasmid?
An extra copy of DNA with few genes on it
- There are two kinds of prokaryotes on earth, Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea. Which statement does not describe a difference between these two Domains?
Different plasma membranes
Having peptidoglycan in cell wall or not
Different Gene translation Machinery
- What is the purpose of the cell wall of prokaryotes?
Does not let the cell rupture and is there for protection
- What is the definition of the peptidoglycan sometimes found in prokaryotes?
Polysaccharide molecules connected by polypeptide crosslinks, only bacteria has this
- What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive: if it maintains a purple color
Gram-negative: if it doesn’t maintain a purple color
- Which statement describes the function or composition of a bacterial flagellum?
Flagella: protein flagellin anchored in cell wall and spin like a propeller
Made of flagellin
Propeller
- Which statement describes the function or composition of bacterial pili?
Pili: helps cells attach to appropriate substances and exchange genetic information
Hairlike structure
Purposes
- Know the parts of this prokaryote diagram and be able to label them if this test question is chosen.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Pili
Flagellum
Nucleoid region
Chromosome (DNA)
Ribosome
Remember clockwise
- Which statement describes the function or composition of bacterial endospores?
Endospores: thick walled spores around the genome and a small portion of cytoplasm when they are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions
Resistance to any type of environmental stress
Germination
- Which statement does not describe the cellular interior of a basic bacterial cell?
Nucleoid Region: Where all DNA is
Ribosomes: Makes all proteins
Cytoplasm
- Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly, allowing genetic variations to spread quickly through a population. How does this spreading of genetic information occur?
Conjugation: A bacterium with a plasmid (filled with info) attaches to another bacterium with it’s pili and share’s it’s plasmid.
- What can be the result of a genetic (DNA or plasmid) mutation in a prokaryote?
It can lead to an antibiotic resistant strain through the plasmid
- Which statement describes a photoautotrophic bacteria?
Getting energy from sunlight
- Which statement describes a chemoautotrophic bacteria?
Dont work with sunlight, instead they work with gasses (Nitrogen, Hydrogen)
- Which statement describes photoheterotrophic bacteria?
Purple, nonsulfur bacteria that use light as their source of energy but have to get carbon from organic molecule
- Which statement describes chemoheterotrophic bacteria?
obtain both carbon and energy from organic molecules (decomposes and pathogens)
- Which statement describes bacteria as a plant pathogen?
Blights
They can affect all different types of agriculture
Soft rots
These affect a lot of cedar trees
Wilts
All the leaves are affected and die and “wilt” away
