Mol(ieu-mannetje) discusses a transition from traditional government-led environmental policy to a more decentralized governance model. Name 3 types of governance he discusses.
- Multi-Level Governance
- Market Mechanisms
- Civil Society Engagement
Name 3 challenges for the environmental state according to Mol(ieu-mannetje)
- Coordination Problems (Authority fragmentation)
- Fairness Issues
- Accountability and Results
Name the 4 forms of PI according to Alexander
- Utilitarian (Aggregate Transformative)
- Unitary (Collective Fixed)
- Deontic (Aggregate Fixed)
- Dialogical (Collective Transformative)
ex-post = transformative
a priori = fixed
According to Alexander, PI has 3 roles in planning. Name these 3.
- Legitimise planning as state activity
- A norm for planning practice
- Acting as a criterion for evaluating planning outcomes
Wiering en Winnubst wrote an article about PI in the Netherlands. What were the 3 key findings?
- Dutch FRM remains predominantly unitary
- Increasing decentralization, climate adaptation, and integrated decision-making have introduced dialogical and utilitarian elements.
- Flood safety now competes with other PI like spatial planning and environmental protection.
According to Mol(ieu-mannetje) there were 3 phases in environmental governance.
Rise (1960), Stagnation (‘80 en 2010) and Reinvention (‘90)
Triantafillou wrote an article about Governmentality, based on Focault. What does Governmentality mean?
The art of governing people by shaping their behavior within a framework of freedom and choice.
Focault used the term to analyze how specific ways of reasoning and knowledge systems influence governance practices over time.
New Public Management was a form of Neoliberalism (more self governance). Explain NPM.
NPM tries to improve public service efficiency through market-based tools and citizen participation.
Name 3 strengths of Neoliberalism (NPM) according to Triantafillou.
- Reveals hidden power
- Critical perspective
- Connects knowledge and power
Name 3 weaknesses of Neoliberalism (NPM) according to Triantafillou.
- Unclear Goals (+ critical potential)
- Limited Focus on Force (coercion)
- Overemphasis on Ideas/ little focus on practices
