What is micro evolution
Changes in allele frequency in a population
What is evolution
Change in heritable traits over time does not occur at the individual level
What is genetics
The study of hereditary variations among organisms
Source of genetic variation
-Mutations and chromosome change
-sexual reproduction
Gene flow
What are mutation (mechanism of microevolution) ?
Changes in DNA that create new alleles, only mutations in the gametes a passed on
What is sexual reproduction (mechanism of microevolution) ?
Recombination of alleles during meiosis increase genetic diversity
What is genetic drift (mechanism of microevolution) ?
Random changes in allele frequencies a specially in small populations
What are the two kids of genetic drift?
-Founder effect (few individuals establish new population)
-Bottleneck effect (random death)
What is gene flow (mechanism of microevolution) ?
Movement of alleles between population
What is natural selection (mechanism of microevolution) ?
- differential survival and reproduction based on inherited traits
What are the types of natural selection ?
-directional (one extreme is favoured)
-stabilizing (middle is favourite)
-distruptive (both extremes are the best)
-sexual selection: intra (male fight) and inter (female choice)
-balancing selection (maintain genetic variation) : heterozygous advantage (Aa) and frequency dependent selection (both alleles take turns)
-artificial selection
