First economic unions
ECSC: European steel and coal community
EEC: European economic community
EURATOM: European atomic energy community
Paris treaty (1951)
Economic union
Rome treaty (1957)
1st step for European political integration
Schengen agreement (1986)
Aim: abolish border checks between countries
Maastricht treaty (1992)
Economic integration - 1st step towards euro
Amsterdam treaty (1997)
Substantive and procedural changes (new powers and role of parliament)
Nice treaty (2001)
Charter of fundamental rights of EU (CFREU)
Lisbon treaty (2007)
Basic structure of EU Treaties system
EU Treaties system
- TEU (Treaty on EU): sets out principle (purpose and scopes) of EU, and governance of EU Central institutions
-TFEU (Treaty on functioning of EU): sets out bases of EU law
Binding bill of rights
- Adopted in Nice in 2000 - same legal authority as TEU and TFEU
- Readapted in Lisbon in 2007
- Enlists a number of civil, social and economic rights for EU citizens and residents in the
European Union
CFREU
Charter of fundamental rights of EU
7 main titles:
1. Dignity - after the holocaust, protection of minorities
2. Freedom
3. Equality
4. Solidarity - behold rights and contribute to European threshold 5. Citizens’ right
6. Justice
- general provisions
EU Institutions
- European council: heads of state of MS
- Council of EU: One ministry per MS
- European Parliament: 705 MEPs, 5 years
* council & parliament = legislative function - European Commission: legislative initiative (application of EU law), 27 components
- CJEU (Court of Justice of EU): application of Eu law, 27 judges and 11 advocates general
Binding EU Legislative acts
Regulations: set of rules applicable through EU, more important than state rules
Directives: Set goals for EU
Decisions: binding for whoever it addresses
Non-binding EU Legislative acts
EU Recommendations and opinions
Council of Europe
Intergovernmental org (46 MS) devoted to promoting HR
Fundamental doc = ECHR
ECHR (document)
European convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
European court of HR
Receives applications from any person/group that has been victim of HR violation (Set in ECHR)
