What are placoderms?
Some of the first jawed fishes.
What does extensive radiation mean?
An increase in abundance of a species.
What are claspers?
How males transfer their sperm into the body of the female.
What are spiracles?
The opening behind the eye.
What does chemoreception mean?
A good sense of smell and taste.
What is the second gill arch called?
Hyoid arch.
What arches are used for gill support?
Branchial arches.
What are some characteristics of placoderms?
Heavy head, thoracic armor, jaws with beak-like plates, paired pectoral and pelvic fins, claspers and ‘jointed’ neck.
What is a bothriolepis?
A moderate-sized (0.3-1.7 meters) benthic species.
Did chondrichthyans experience extensive radiation?
Yes.
What are some characteristics of chondrichthyans?
Cartilaginous, internal fertilization via claspers, placoid scales (excluding the Holocephali) and spiracles.
What are batoide?
Rays and skates.
What are some characteristics of sharks?
Hyostylic jaws, vision, chemoreception, and electroreception, no swim bladder, oily liver/heterocercal tail to stay buoyant.
What are some characteristics of stingrays, electric rays, and skates?
‘Wing-like’ pectoral fins and gill slits.
When were the acanthodians abundant?
In the Silurian and Devonian.
What size are the acanthodians?
Small.
What are some characteristics of acanthodians?
Fin spines, blunt head with large eyes, and armour.
What are actinopterygii?
Ray-finned fishes.
What is the most diverse group of vertebrates > 50% of living species?
Osteichthyes (‘Bony fishes’).
What are sarcopterygii?
Lobe-finned fishes.
How do osteichthyes (‘Bony fishes’) control buoyancy?
Using a swim bladder.
What are lepisosteiformes?
Gars.
What are amiifromes?
Bowfins.
What are teleostei?
Teleosts.
