What are Therapeutic Modalities?
An intervention that helps healing
What is Cryoytherapy?
Using cold as a therapeutic modality
What is Vasoconstriction?
Reflex action of smooth muscle due to sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla
What does cold decrease?
- cell metabolic rate and need for oxygen
- muscle spasm
- free nerve ending and peripheral nerve excitability
What does cold increase?
- Blood viscosity
why is there a decrease in muscle spasm?
Muscle becomes more amenable to stretch as a result of decreased GTO and muscle spindle activity
Indications for cold treatment
- Acute injury or inflammation
- Acute, chronic, or post-surgical pain
- prevent edema formation
Contraindications for cold treatement
- Circulatory insufficiency
- Cold hypersensitivity/hives
- Anaesthetic skin
- open wounds
Precautions for cold treatement
- over the Corotid sinus
- over areas of infection
- near the eyes
- over superficial nerves
What is Thermotherapy?
using heat as a therapeutic modality
What do the effects of thermotherapy depend on?
- type of heat energy applied
- intensity of energy
- duration of exposure
- tissue response
Desired effects of heat
- increase collagen extensibility
- decreasing joint stiffness
- reducing pain
- relieving muscle spasm
- reduction of edema and swelling
- increasing blood flow
How does heat assist healing?
- raise tissue temperature
- increase metabolism resulting in reduction of oxygen tension
- lowering pH
- increasing capillary permeability and releasing bradykinins and histamine resulting in vasodilation
- Parasympathetic impulses stimulated by heat are also believed to be a reason for vasodilation
Indications for heat treatement
- Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
- reduction of subacute or chronic pain
- subacute or chronic muscle spasm
- decreased range of motion
- hematoma resolution
- reduction in joint contractures
Contraindications for heat treatement
- Acute injuries
- Impaired circulation
- Poor thermal regulation
- Anaesthetic areas
- Abdomen or low back during pregnancy
Precautions for heat treatement
- Areas of decreased sensation
- Around the eyes or testicles
Types of heat treatement
- Hydrocollator Packs
- Whirlpool Bath
What is Massage therapy?
Systematic manipulation of soft tissue
Mechanical response to message
- occurs as a direct result of pressures and movements
- Encourages venous flow and mild stretching of superficial tissue
Physiological response to message
- Increases circulation aiding circulation, removal of metabolites, overcoming venostasis
- Reflex effect response to nerve impulses initiated through superficial contact
Indications for message
- Improve circulation
- Chronic conditions
- Musculotendinous adhesion
- Trigger points
- Edema reduction
- post event recovery
Contraindications for message
- Acute injury or inflammation
- Open wounds
- Anaesthetic skin
- Skin conditions/infected areas
- Varicose veins or hematoma
- Allergies to massage cream
- Prior to sporting events
What is Effleurage?
- Stroking divided into light and deep
- Can be used as a sedative or to move fluids
- Multiple stroking variations exist
- Pressure variations
What is Petrissage?
- Kneading
- Involves picking up skin between thumb and forefinger, rolling and twisting in opposite directions
- Used for deep tissue work
