LECTURE 4 - quantitative data analysis 1

Question 1

Descriptive statistics

Answer 1

Describing sample on the basis of data collected, not drawing conclusions of population

Question 2

Inferential statistics

Answer 2

Drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of a sample. Require a representative sample (large sample)

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

a statement concerning a population that may or may not be true, and constitutes an inference or inferences about a population, drawn from sample information

Question 4

Type I error

Answer 4

occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis (when the jury convicts an innocent person)

Question 5

Type II error

Answer 5

Occurs when we do not reject a false null hypothesis (when one accepts a null hypothesis that is actually false) (when the jury acquits a guilty person)

Question 6

The process of hypothesis testing (4)

Answer 6

• Hypothesis formulation
• Specification of significance level
• Selection of appropriate statistical tests
• Calculation of the test statistic and acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis

Question 7

Setting of significance level

• 0.1
• 0.05
• 0.01 or 0.001

Answer 7

0. 1 -> consequences of a type 2 error are most severe
1. 05 -> Consequences of making type 1 and 2 error are equally severe
2. 01 or 0.001 -> consequences of type 1 error are most severe

Question 8

Categorical data (2)

Answer 8

• Nominal

- Ordinal

Question 9

Quantifiable data (2)

Answer 9

• Interval

- Ratio

Question 10

Bar chart

Answer 10

• Nominal

- Ordinal

Question 11

Pie chart

Answer 11

• Nominal

Question 12

Histogram

Answer 12

• Interval

- Ratio

Question 13

Frequency polygon

Answer 13

• Interval

- Ratio