SFI 142 Exam 3 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

FOREST TREE SEED TECHNOLOGIES (104 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what method:
SEEDLING/TREE: 1-5

A

Containerized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what method:
SEEDLING/TREE: 2-10

A

Bareroot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what method:
SEEDLING/TREE: 5-15

A

Seed Spotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what method:
SEEDLING/TREE:5-30

A

Broadcast Seeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what method:
SEEDLING/TREE:50-150

A

Aerial Seeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration

A
  • Seeds produced in large numbers
  • Readily available in most cases, yearly or at longer
    intervals
  • Seeds as small concentrated packages of plants-to-be
    containing nutrients for the establishment of the plant
  • Seeds more resistant to damage and environmental
    stress than vegetative propagules
  • Many seeds can be stored for long periods of time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration (#1)

A

Seeds produced in large numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration (#2)

A

Readily available in most cases, yearly or at longer intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration (#3)

A

Seeds as small concentrated packages of plants-to-be containing nutrients for the establishment of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration (#4)

A

Seeds more resistant to damage and environmental stress than vegetative propagules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uniqueness of seeds in forest regeneration (#5)

A

Many seeds can be stored for long periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Impacts of using high quality seeds (Process)

A

Good quality seeds > Good quality seedlings > High quality plantations > Higher yield, higher return on investment, more employment, reduced poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Impacts of using high quality seeds (yield)

A

Higher yield, higher return on investment, more employment, reduced poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TYPES OF SEED SOURCE (5)

A
  1. Uncontrolled collection areas
  2. Controlled general collection areas
  3. Seed stands/Elite trees
  4. Seed Production Areas
  5. Seed Orchards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BASES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SEED SOURCES (5)

A
  1. Precision with which seed origin is described
  2. Amount of supervision and independent inspection
    during seed collection, processing and handling
  3. Degree of selection
  4. Seed testing
  5. Progeny testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SEED PRODUCTION AREAS

A

NATURAL STANDS or PLANTATIONS consisting of PHENOTYPICALLY SUPERIOR TREES that are managed as immediate sources of quality seeds for operational planting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTION OF STANDS FOR SPAs (6)

A
  1. Seed demand
  2. No. of trees/area required to produce the quantity of seeds
    demanded
  3. Quality of existing seed sources
  4. Status of current seed collection
  5. Information on other potential seed sources
  6. Development of seed orchards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Establishment of SPAs:
SELECTION OF SITE AND STAND (4)

A
  1. Stands near full stocking
  2. Reproductively mature
  3. Trees with sufficient crown areas
  4. A minimum of 5.0 hectares
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Establishment of SPAs:
SELECTION OF MOTHER TREES (2)

A
  1. Phenotypic selection
  2. Only dominant and best co-dominant trees favored for retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Establishment of SPAs:
ROGUING (4)

A
  1. Should be done early
  2. Crowns of trees released to receive full sunlight on at least three sides
  3. Several superior phenotypes in group, remove some
  4. Several inferior phenotypes in group, remove all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Establishment of SPAs:
ESTABLISHMENT OF ISOLATION/ POLLEN DILUTION ZONES (4)

A
  1. a buffer zone completely surrounding SPA
  2. Reduce pollen contamination from outside
  3. Zone best cleared of vegetation or maintained with low growing annuals or perennials
  4. If trees are to be grown, species should not hybridize with crop species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Maintenance Activities (4)

A
  1. Cleaning
  2. Pruning
  3. Application of fertilizers
  4. Record keeping/data storage and retrieval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SEED ORCHARDS

A

Areas where seeds are mass produced to obtain the highest genetic gain as quickly and inexpensively as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Areas where seeds are mass produced to obtain the highest genetic gain as quickly and inexpensively as possible

A

SEED ORCHARDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
SEED ORCHARDS (#2)
Plantation of selected clones or progenies isolated and managed to produce frequent, abundant and easily harvested seed crops
26
Plantation of selected clones or progenies isolated and managed to produce frequent, abundant and easily harvested seed crops
SEED ORCHARDS
27
SEED ORCHARDS (#3)
Well planned and managed plantations with the objective of producing large quantities of genetically improved seeds in the cheapest and fastest manner
28
Well planned and managed plantations with the objective of producing large quantities of genetically improved seeds in the cheapest and fastest manner
SEED ORCHARDS
29
SEED ORCHARDS (#4)
Plantation of genetically superior seeds, isolated to reduce pollination from outside sources and intensively managed to produce frequent, abundant and easily harvested seed crops
30
Plantation of genetically superior seeds, isolated to reduce pollination from outside sources and intensively managed to produce frequent, abundant and easily harvested seed crops
SEED ORCHARDS
31
TYPES OF SEED ORCHARDS
1. CLONAL SEED ORCHARDS (CSO) 2. SEEDLING SEED ORCHARDS (SSO)
32
Types of seed orchards: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (5)
1. Simultaneous genetic tests and seed production possible in SSO 2. Problems of incompatibility between scion and rootstock in CSO 3. Early flowering and fruiting of trees in CSO 4. Trees in CSO more susceptible to windthrow 5. Danger of selfing greater in CSO than in SSO
33
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (5)
1. Direct influence on all types of seed handling procedures by morphological structures of fruits and seeds as reflected in their dispersal adaptations 2. Fruiting season for animal dispersed species often longer than for wind or water dispersed species due to the apparent limited number of dispersal agents 3. Seeds dispersed by ingestion usually require much harsher pre germination treatment than wind dispersed species 4. Dispersal as part of the regeneration strategy of plants and may give some indication of genetic structure of populations >>>>>influence on selection of seed trees 5. Knowledge of dispersal strategies and mechanisms is important for the determination of appropriate harvest time - Dispersal structures as maturation index - Dispersal limiting time for seed collection
34
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (1)
Direct influence on all types of seed handling procedures by morphological structures of fruits and seeds as reflected in their dispersal adaptations
35
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (2)
Fruiting season for animal dispersed species often longer than for wind or water dispersed species due to the apparent limited number of dispersal agents
36
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (3)
Seeds dispersed by ingestion usually require much harsher pre germination treatment than wind dispersed species
37
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (4)
Dispersal as part of the regeneration strategy of plants and may give some indication of genetic structure of populations >>>>>influence on selection of seed trees
38
Practical application of knowledge of seed dispersal (5)
Knowledge of dispersal strategies and mechanisms is important for the determination of appropriate harvest time - Dispersal structures as maturation index - Dispersal limiting time for seed collection
39
Seed Collection (3)
1. From standing trees 2. On the ground 3. On trees felled
40
Extraction Procedure?? Dry dehiscent fruits (dehiscent pods, follicles, capsules and cones (pines, eucalypts and most legumes)
Drying + shaking + tumbling
41
Drying + shaking + tumbling What fruit type?
Dry dehiscent fruits (dehiscent pods, follicles, capsules and cones (pines, eucalypts and most legumes)
42
Extraction Procedure?? Dry indehiscent fruits (e.g. Acacia nilotica, Delonix regia)
Drying + shaking
43
What fruit type? Drying + shaking
Dry indehiscent fruits (e.g. Acacia nilotica, Delonix regia)
44
Extraction Procedure?? Serotinous fruits (e.g . cones, capsules and somedry compound fruits)
Kiln drying + tumbling Scorching + tumbling
45
What fruit type? if Kiln drying + tumbling Scorching + tumbling
Serotinous fruits (e.g . cones, capsules and somedry compound fruits)
46
Extraction Procedure?? Fleshy fruits with very thin pulp (e.g . Vitex parviflora and Ziziphus talanai)
Drying Soaking + maceration + washing
47
What fruit type? if Drying Soaking + maceration + washing
Fleshy fruits with very thin pulp (e.g . Vitex parviflora and Ziziphus talanai)
48
Extraction Procedure?? Fleshy fruits with soft pulp (e.g. Prunus, Olea and Ficus spp.)
Soaking + fermentation+ washing Soaking + maceration + washing
49
What fruit type? if Soaking + fermentation+ washing Soaking + maceration + washing
Fleshy fruits with soft pulp (e.g. Prunus, Olea and Ficus spp.)
50
Extraction Procedure?? Fleshy fruits with soft fibrous pulp (e.g. Gmelina)
Soaking + maceration + washing + abrasion / polishing
51
What fruit type? if Soaking + maceration + washing + abrasion / polishing
Fleshy fruits with soft fibrous pulp (e.g. Gmelina)
52
Extraction Procedure?? Fleshy fruits with felty pulp (e.g. Tectona grandis and some Vitex spp.)
Soaking + abrasion + washing
53
What fruit type? if Soaking + abrasion + washing
Fleshy fruits with felty pulp (e.g. Tectona grandis and some Vitex spp.)
54
Types of Seeds
Orthodox Recalcitrant
55
can be dried to as low as 5% MC and stored for long periods of time
Orthodox
56
cannot survive low moisture content and cannot be stored
Recalcitrant
57
Orthodox
can be dried to as low as 5% MC and stored for long periods of time
58
Recalcitrant
cannot survive low moisture content and cannot be stored
59
Types of Seed Storage: seeds in piles, single layers, sacks or open containers under shelter from rain, well ventilated and protected against rodents
Storage at ambient temperature and humidity
60
what species: Storage at ambient temperature and humidity
Pinus, Tectona, Eucalyptus, Acacia and other legumes
61
Types of Seed Storage for orthodox seeds dried to low moisture content (4-8%) in sealed tin containers or in room with controlled relative humidity (using dehumidifier)
Dry storage with control of moisture content, not of temperature
62
Dry storage with control of moisture content, not of temperature
for orthodox seeds dried to low moisture content (4-8%) in sealed tin containers or in room with controlled relative humidity (using dehumidifier)
63
what species: Dry storage with control of moisture content, not of temperature
Pinus, Eucalyptus
64
Types of Seed Storage: standard practice for many orthodox species when dried at 4-8% and stored in 0-5oC, viability may last for up to 5 years
Dry storage with control of both moisture content and temperature
65
Dry storage with control of both moisture content and temperature
standard practice for many orthodox species when dried at 4-8% and stored in 0-5oC, viability may last for up to 5 years
66
what species: Dry storage with control of both moisture content and temperature
Gmelina, Pinus, Fagus, Populus
67
Types of Seed Storage Dry Storage for long term gene conservation
storage at –18oC with seeds dried at 5%+-1% may result to a shift in genetic constitution of the species because of the loss of viability through time
68
Dry Storage for long term gene conservation
storage at –18oC with seeds dried at 5%+-1% may result to a shift in genetic constitution of the species because of the loss of viability through time
69
Types of Seed Storage: for recalcitrant seeds over short periods of time
Moist storage without control of moisture content or temperature
70
Moist storage without control of moisture content or temperature (#1)
for recalcitrant seeds over short periods of time
71
Types of Seed Storage Moist storage without control of moisture content or temperature (#2)
not suitable for tropical recalcitrant species due to high ambient temperature
72
not suitable for tropical recalcitrant species due to high ambient temperature
Moist storage without control of moisture content or temperature
73
Types of Seed Storage storage in controlled low temperature just above freezing or less commonly just below freezing
Moist cold storage with control of moisture content and temperature
74
Moist cold storage with control of moisture content and temperature (#1)
storage in controlled low temperature just above freezing or less commonly just below freezing
75
Types of Seed Storage: application not yet definite for tropical recalcitrant species
Moist cold storage with control of moisture content and temperature
76
Moist cold storage with control of moisture content and temperature (#2)
application not yet definite for tropical recalcitrant species
77
what species Moist cold storage with control of moisture content and temperature
Dipterocarps, Agathis and Araucaria
78
Types of Seed Storage: Other Mehods (2)
* storage of recalcitrant seeds in running water * storage under partial vacuum storage under gases e.g. CO2 or nitrogen
79
Process by which the origin and quality of seeds are verified and a statement issued regarding the same
SEED CERTIFICATION
80
SEED CERTIFICATION description
Process by which the origin and quality of seeds are verified and a statement issued regarding the same
81
OBJECTIVE of SEED CERTIFICATION
To maintain and make available sources of seed so grown and distributed to ensure genetic identity and high quality
82
To maintain and make available sources of seed so grown and distributed to ensure genetic identity and high quality
OBJECTIVE of SEED CERTIFICATION
83
SEED CERTIFICATION: Categories of Seeds (4)
1. Unclassified seeds 2. Source-identified seeds 3. Selected seeds 4. Certified seeds
84
SEED CERTIFICATION: Bases of Classification (5)
1. Precision with which origin is described 2. Degree of selection of mother trees 3. Provision of progeny testing 4. Amount of supervision and independent inspection 5. Standards of record keeping and labelling
85
SEED CERTIFICATION: Origin unknown or inadequately described
Unclassified Seeds
86
SEED CERTIFICATION: Stand not accredited as seed source
Unclassified Seeds
87
SEED CERTIFICATION: From felled or stunted trees
Unclassified Seeds
88
SEED CERTIFICATION: No supervision and inspection
Unclassified Seeds
89
SEED CERTIFICATION: Seed certification scheme disregards this source
Unclassified Seeds
90
SEED CERTIFICATION: From good natural stands and plantations registered as seed sources
Source-identified Seeds
91
SEED CERTIFICATION: Information available on seed source
Source-identified Seeds
92
SEED CERTIFICATION: Collection, processing and handling fully supervised
Source-identified Seeds
93
SEED CERTIFICATION: Independent inspection
Source-identified Seeds
94
SEED CERTIFICATION: Adequate labelling and records always available
Source-identified Seeds
95
SEED CERTIFICATION: Selected Seeds
From SPAs
96
SEED CERTIFICATION: Certified Seeds
from Seed orchards
97
SEED CERTIFICATION: Elements of a Comprehensive National Certification Scheme (#1, (4))
1. Inspection of seed sources a. Number of seed trees b. Incidence of inferior trees c. Effectiveness of isolation d. Seed source register
98
SEED CERTIFICATION: Elements of a Comprehensive National Certification Scheme (#2)
Assessment of fruit crops prior to collection
99
SEED CERTIFICATION: Elements of a Comprehensive National Certification Scheme (#3)
Strict supervision during seed collection, processing and handling, storage and transport
100
SEED CERTIFICATION: Elements of a Comprehensive National Certification Scheme (#4)
Seed testing
101
SEED CERTIFICATION: Elements of a Comprehensive National Certification Scheme (#5)
Replicated nursery/plantation trials
102
SEED CERTIFICATION: Minimum Requirements for Seed Certification (5)
1. History of the seed source 2. Isolation from foreign pollen 3. Field inspection of seed trees 4. Standards of germination and purity 5. Labels and certificates
103
SEED CERTIFICATION: Information on Labels (6)
1. Species 2. Sub-species,variety or cultivar name 3. Category 4. Provenance (reference no. or index no.) 5. Supplier (name and address) 6. Consignee (name and address)
104
SEED CERTIFICATION: Information on Certificates (10)
1. Certifying agency 2. Consignee (name and address) 3. Sender (name and address) 4. Species 5. Sub-species, variety or cultivar 6. Category 7. Provenance 8. Gross weight of package 9. Contents 10.Disinfection treatment (if any)
SFI 142 Exam 3
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions