Lecture 5

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

• sympathetic
• parasympathetic
• these two work in opposition for each other

Question 2

Sympathetic

Answer 2

• think fight/flight
• usually stimulates, accelerates, or increases

Question 3

Parasympathetic

Answer 3

• usually inhibits, slows, or decreases
• think “rest and digest”

Question 4

Glial Cells: Astrocyte

Answer 4

• CNC
• Transport nutrients, remove debris, regulate synaptic neurotransmitter levels

Question 5

Glial Cells: Microglia

Answer 5

• CNS
• Remove debris and dead cells immune responses

Question 6

Glial Cells: Oligodendrocyte:

Answer 6

• CNS
• Form myelin sheath

Question 7

Glial Cells: Schwann Cell

Answer 7

• PNS
• Form myelin sheath (motor and sensory neurons)

Question 8

Structure - Function Relationships of Neurons (4 Functional Zones):

Answer 8

• signal reception (input) = dendrites
• signal integration = axon hillock
• signal conduction = axon
• signal transmission (output) = axon terminals

Question 9

Synapse - Connection Between an Axon Terminal and a Target Cell

Answer 9

• found at dendrites/soma (recieve signals)
• found at end of axon (send signals)

Question 10

Neural Signals (direction):

Answer 10

• are unidirectional from soma to synapse

Question 11

Signals for Afferent Neurons

Answer 11

Carries a signal away from a stimulus… stimulus to CNS

Question 12

Signals for Efferent Neurons

Answer 12

Carries a signal to cause a response… from CNS to effector

Question 13

Resting Membrane Potentials

Answer 13

• all Neurons have this
• this means the inside of the cell has a different charge than the outside of the cell
• act as electrical signals

Question 14

Electrochemical Gradients and Membrane Potentials (Depends on 2 things):

Answer 14

• the chemical potential and the electrical potential (aka the electromotive force EMF)
• Equilibrium potential is the voltage difference between the Membrane when the two forces acting on that ion are equal

Question 15

The Nernst Equation:
Ex = (RT)/(zF) = ln ({X}out/{x}in)

Answer 15

R = Gas constant
T= Temp (K)
z = valence of ion
F = Faraday constant