What are “Person-Environment Interactions”? Who developed them? What’s the formula? What does it mean?
Who: Psychologist Kurt Lewin
Formula:
- B= f(P,E)
- Behaviour (B) is a function of both the person (P) and the environment (E)
What is it?
- People are in constant interaction with their environment, bidirectional (environment impacts person, and we impact environment)
- Perceptions of environment are important
ex. depression makes you view your world differently
How can we use the theory on “Competence &
Environmental Press” help aging people?
- Let them tell you their limitations
- Let them practice skills so they don’t lose an ability
- offer resources
- Fuller integration of adaptive features (mobility, information access)
What is the “Preventive & Corrective Proactivity (PCP) Model” theory?
- Life stressors + person - environment mismatch + risk/resilience factors= outcomes
- When you add risk and resilience to cep theory, you get diff outcomes
Ex.
Trauma/discrimination/chronic stressors + no proactive adaptations + risk factors = negative outcomes
Ex.
Trauma/discrimination/chronic stressors + proactive adaptations + resilience factors = positive outcomes
How can we use the theory on “Preventive & Corrective Proactivity (PCP) Model” to help aging people?
- Allowing adaptations
- making suggestions
- education: provide widespread education on these preventative methods
- Resources
Theory 3: Stress and coping
Who? What?
Who: Schooler applied stress and coping framework to person-environment interactions
- Schooler added environmental impact to the stress and coping padigram
Main difference: our assessment about a potential stressor is made within our particular environmental context
How is the Stress & Coping theory applied for people who are aging
- Promote social support resiliency factors
- Remind them of their resources
- Make more available
Every day competence theory
- looks at a person’s potential for independent living, not their current ability
- used to help point out resources in their life
-Looks at psychological and physical wellbeing - It’s literary just the three other theories combined
- When we look, at everyday ability to manage problems our ability to manage and take care of those problems is a strong indicator of aging health status
How to apply the everyday competence theory?
- talk about and encourage hobbies
-Hold skill or training sessions for the elderly (Potential grows)
Environmental psychology
Our age-related changes are improved or made worse by our environment. Can we think of some examples?
- Is there stairs in the house
- moving because you can no longer live independently
(add more this is bad)- J’etais dans le champ des patates
What is an Age-
Friendly
Community?
A community that enhances quality of life for aging individuals through security,encouraging participation, and adapting structures to be inclusive of the needs of aging people
- is the community adapting to the needs of all people including old
List the 8 “Who Age-Friendly Community Guidelines”
1.Outdoor spaces and buildings
2.Transportation
3.Housing
4.Social participation
5.Respect and social inclusion
6.Civic participation and employment (can old people get jobs)
7.Communication and information (is the information available communicated in an accessible way)
8.Community support and health services
Why is it important to create age-friendly communities, help people age in place, and help people remain engaged within the community?
- increases life expectancy
- makes it better for future us
- Encourage autonomy
- avoid trauma of uprooting them
- insures more social support
- Increases longer healthier life
Options for aging in place and barriers
- creating adaptations in home (grab bar in shower, care workers…)
- Move out of home so they can have more support
Barriers:
- financial
- Do they have the resources to even be able t make these decisions
What are active adult communities? Give examples, issues, and how can you make moving more manageable?
- Active adult communities: Communities that cater to adults over age 55 and provide housing options that are rightsized, often on one level, require low maintenance, and have convenient amenities. Residents still live on their own, but they have more support.
ex. cluster housing
Barriers:
- Are these places available
- Can they afford it
- What is the wait time
Moving:
When a person has to move, they must have as much control and input as they can in a situation
In home options
- At home care provider: social, physical, psychological
- maid
- Can be done inside the home and outside the home:
- Adult day care
What is assisted living? Difference from congregate housing? Issues?
What: Housing options for older adults that provide a supportive living arrangement for people who need assistance with personal care (such as bathing or taking medications) but are not so impaired physically or cognitively they need 24-hour care
- One step further than congregate housing Ideally, they provide independence, respect for autonomy, allow as much control and freedom as possible
- Mini community in building
- resources and social systems in place for stuff they can’t do anymore
ex. Where Nane went
Issue
- Costs
- underpayment of staff
- Quality related with cost
Types of Long-Term Care Facilities
1.Skilled nursing facilities
2.Special care facilities
3.Nursing homes/long-term care facilities
When to Decide a Nursing Home?
Usually, a nursing home is a last resort decision provoked by something severe physical and/or cognitive decline
-It often gets to the point where it’s dangerous or difficult to continue living where they have been living.
Timing of placement-long waitlist
$$$
(should be at home eating oranges right now)
Long term care
Long-term care facilities are regulated by the Ministry of Long-Term Care
There has been an increase in government investment in Long-Term Care Admission process
- Not too much info on what they actually do
Process of long term care
- Assessment
- apply to up to 5 homes
- Waiting list
- if chosen, they have 24 hours to decide
- Not accepted= removal from list
What is the competence and environmental press model? (look @ fig 5.1) Where is maximal performance? What happens when ability doesn’t match environmental demands? What is the goal of the model?
Competence: Personal abilities (e.g., physical, cognitive, social).
Environmental Press: Demands from the environment (e.g., physical barriers, social or interpersonal expectations).
Optimal Outcome: When competence matches environmental press (adaptation level).
Mismatch:
High press, low competence → stress, frustration.
Low press, high competence → boredom.
Zone of Maximal Performance Potential: Slight increase in press can enhance performance.
Zone of Maximum Comfort: Low or no environmental demands create comfort without challenge.
Goal of Model: Describe how an individuals abilities (competence) interact with environmental demands (press)
What is the preventative and corrective proactivity model? (fig 5.2)
What: PCP explains how life stressors (like trauma, discrimination, or chronic illness) and poor person-environment fit, especially without support, lead to negative life outcomes.
Preventive Proactivity: actions to avoid future stressors (e.g., staying active, building social networks)
Corrective Proactivity: actions to manage current stressors (e.g., seeking support, adapting lifestyle)
Stress and coping theory
Basic Premise: People assess situations based on threat level.
Situations categorized as harmful/threatening, beneficial, or irrelevant.
Coping: When threatened, people identify possible responses to avoid/manage stress.
Outcomes:
Positive or negative, influenced by context.
Positive outcomes build resilience.
Resilience: behaviours, thoughts and actions that promote personal well-being and mental health
Every day competence
A person’s ability to preform a range of activities considered essential from independent living
