Lecture 5

Question 1

pH = what?

Answer 1

= -log{H+]

Question 2

what is the pH of saliva?

Answer 2

6.6

Question 3

what is the pH of blood plasma?

Answer 3

7.4

Question 4

the higher the concentration, the ______ the pH.

Answer 4

LOWER

Question 5

log (XY) is the same as…

Answer 5

log(X) + log(Y)

Question 6

log (X^n) is the same as…

Answer 6

n log (X)

Question 7

log 1 =

Answer 7

0

Question 8

log 2 =

Answer 8

0.3

Question 9

log 10 =

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Ka of a reaction =

Answer 10

products/reactants

Question 11

what is meant by Ka

Answer 11

it is value of the equilibrium constant

Question 12

what is the henderson hasselbalch equation?

Answer 12

pH = pK + log ( [base]/[acid] )

Question 13

when do buffers work best?

Answer 13

when pH is close to pK

Question 14

respiratory compensation occurs how quickly and in response to what?

Answer 14

• minutes

- CO2 and pH

Question 15

renal compensation occurs how quickly and in response to what?

Answer 15

• hours to days

- H+ and synthesis of HCO

Question 16

what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for hydrogen?

Answer 16

40 nmol/L

Question 17

what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for CO2?

Answer 17

40 mmHg

Question 18

what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for hydrogen?

Answer 18

24 mmol/L

Question 19

explain what happens when there is a decrease in bicarbonate and what the compensation is.

Answer 19

• metabolic acidosis
• blood becomes more acidic
• hyperventilation occurs as a compensation.

Question 20

explain what happens when there is an increase in bicarbonate and what the compensation is.

Answer 20

• metabolic alkalosis
• blood becomes more basic
• hypoventilation occurs as a compensation.

Question 21

explain what happens during hyperventilation.

Answer 21

• deeper or quicker breaths result in MORE carbon dioxide being removed from the blood. This loss of carbon dioxide forces the remaining bicarbonate to react with any protons in order to replenish the blood with CO2, thus reacting with hydrogen ions and making the blood more alkaline.

Question 22

explain what happens during hypoventilation.

Answer 22

• shallow or slower breaths result in LESS carbon dioxide being removed from the blood. This excess of CO2 in the blood reacts with water to eventually form more hydrogen ions, making the blood more acidic.

Question 23

explain the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis.

Answer 23

• cause is accumulation of CO2 as a result of inadequate ventilation.
• renal system responds over a period of 3-5 days to increase secretion of carbonic acid and increase reabsorption of bicarbonate which will then drive the bicarbonate/co2 reaction toward CO2.