Lecture 6: Special Purpose Frames

Question 1

What are the majority of people looking for in a pair of glasses?

Answer 1

ones that provide the BEST Vision Possible.

*Look/Fashion is almost half in the 18-34 yr old range….

Question 2

There are 3 things to watch for in frame materials today…

Answer 2

1. Those that WONT SHRINK
2. Those that SHRINK BEYOND REPAIR when normal heat is applied
3. those that accept NO HEAT

Question 3

1. 4 main types of frames….?

Answer 3

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Question 4

Plastic Frames: How they’re made.

1. Conventional Method
   a. Manufacturing Frames for what type?
   b. They form Layers of plastic into what?
   c. What happens next?

Answer 4

1. a. Acetate Frames
   b. Large block of acetate.
   c. parts of eyeglass frame are cut –> hand polished –> Assembled into the frame –> Done via a PANTOGRAPHING MACHINE

Question 5

Plastic Frames: New Way

1. Injection Molded Frames
   a. What do they do to the plastic?

Answer 5

1. a. Liquefy it into a mold –> cools and solidifies (injection molding machines) –> Colors added via spray painting.

Question 6

Plastic Frame Materials

There are 6 types. (POP CNZ)

Answer 6

1. Polycarb
2. Optyl (Epoxy Resin)
3. Polyamide
4. Carbon Fiber
5. Nylon (Cellulose Acetate Propionate)
6. Zylonite/Zyl (Cellulose Acetate)

Question 7

Plastic Frames

1. Zylonite (Zyl): Cellulose Acetate

a. What 3 things is it made of?
b. What 2 things are added for stability?
c. How are they made?

d. What happens over time?

2. Dispensing Tips
   a. Adjusting?
   b. Lens Insertion?
   c. Too much heat will do what?
   d. Color Affects heating. What Colors NEED LESS HEAT?

Answer 7

1. a. Cellulose, Cotton, Wood Flake
   b. Stabilizers and Plasticizers
   c. Injection molded or block cut

d. Plasticizers that keep Zyl Pliable and less brittle can leach from the surface (leaves a milky film)

2. a. w/or w/o heat
   b. pretty easy to do.

c. burn or pit the surface and loosen hinges
d. Darker colors need less heat.

Question 8

Plastic Frames

1. Zylonite (Zyl) (Cellulose Acetate)
   a. Features and Benefits?

b. Drawbacks:
i. Lenses…insertion
ii. Durability compared to metal?
iii. what happens w/sun and heat exposure?

iv. Continued contact w/cosmetics and perspiration can do what?
v. Thickness?
c. Other uses for Zyl?

Answer 8

1. a. Light weight, color easily, unlimited designs
   b. i. Cold snap lenses
   ii. Less durable
   iii. Zyl fades. Yellows. Discolors. Gets brittle with age. Lose shape in hot weather and high temperatures
   iv. can cause discoloration
   v. Cant be made as thin as some newer materials
   c. film base in film photography, and used in adhesives, and to make original LEGOS in 1949.

Question 9

Plastic Frames

1. Carbon Fiber
   a. Made of what material?
   b. Adding carbon Powder gives the FRAMES STRENGTH of what?
   c. Better carbon frames tend to have what parts in the adjustment areas?
2. Dispensing Tips
   a. When Angling temples, what 2 things should be adjusted?
   b. Will it Bend?
   c. Mount Lenses as you would in what frame type?
   d. Match lens bevel to what on the frame?
   e. Frames w/o Eye wire screws must be sized how?

Answer 9

1. a. Thin Carbon Fibers twisted together in a Crystal Alignment
   b. of Metal Frames, but keeps them Lightweight
   c. Metal parts
2. a. Metal temples and metal end piece
   b. No
   c. in a Metal Fram
   d. to Curve on the Frame
   e. Exactly, and snapped into frame w/o heat.

Question 10

Plastic: Carbon Fiber

1. Features and Benefits
   a. weight, flexibility, strength and durability?

b. Hot weather affects them?
c. How thin can they be?
d. Resistant to what 2 things?
2. Drawbacks?

Answer 10

1. a. All high. very lightweight
   b. No
   c. as thin as metal frames
   d. Scratching and marring from skin acids
2. a. Expensive. Opaque colors. Cold weather increases brittleness; color chips. Some solvents affect frame or finish.

Question 11

Plastic: Nylon (Cellulose Acetate Propionate)

1. What is it?
2. Dispensing
   a. Overheating can do what?
   b. If stretched, what happens?
   c. Contains plasticizers than can do what?

Answer 11

1. Type of Cellulose acetate used for sports and performance sun wear
2. a. damage frame
   b. Wont return to original size or shape
   c. for pliability than can leach from the surface

Question 12

Plastic: Nylon

1. Features?
2. Drawbacks

Answer 12

1. Best for Wrap-around shapes. More stable than Zyl in hot weather. Can be thinner than Zyl. HYPOALLERGENIC
2. a. Hot water best way to heat them. Over heat and u damage frame
   b. Dyed colors fade w/time and exposure to elements
   c. Acetone or alcohol can hasten that process

Question 13

Plastic: Optyl (Epoxy Resin)

1. Weight?
   a. Are Plasticizers used?

*Dispensing Tips: See Slide 22 on Lecture 6.

Answer 13

1. 30% less than zyl and is hypoallergenic

a. Nope

Question 14

Plastic: Optyl

1. Features
   a. Will they shrink?
   b. Can you damage them in Salt Pan?
   c. Frame stay adjusted until what?
2. Drawback?

Answer 14

1. a. No
   b. No
   c. until re-heated (closed car in summer weather)
2. Has memory (can return to original shape)

Question 15

Plastic: Polycarb

1. used mainly for what 2 things?
2. Impact resistant?
3. Do they obstruct field of vision?
4. Are they adjustable?
5. Dispensing tips?

Answer 15

1. Safety and Sports
2. Yes
3. No
4. No
5. Have elastic straps and rubber bridge pieces for wearing comfort

and

Don’t use acetone on these

Question 16

Plastic: Polyamide

1. It’s a blend of what?
2. Plasticizers?
3. Allergenic?
4. Color?

Dispensing:

Answer 16

1. Nylons. reduced weight. Great flexibility
2. No
3. Hypo-allergenic
4. Holds translucent colors well and is Scratch resistant
5. a. Dont heat…shrinkage will happen
   b. Edge lenses to exact size..like for a metal frame
   c. don’t clean w/alcohol.
   d. no memory.

Question 17

Metal Frames

What 5 metal frames are there? (STAMM)

Answer 17

1. Stainless Steel
2. Titanium
3. Aluminium
4. Metal Alloys
5. Memory Metal

Question 18

Metal Frames: Titanium

1. Pure metal used in what?
2. Benefits?
3. Drawback?
4. Other use?

Answer 18

1. in High-end frames
2. Ultra-light. Strong (1/2 the weight and 2x’s as strong). Corrosion resistant. Hypoallergenic
3. Expensive
4. Industrial. Aerospace. Recreatoinal Markets

Question 19

Metal Frames: Metal Alloys

1. Mostly used metal material?
2. Benefits?
3. What else is it used in?

Answer 19

1. Monel. (also ticral and beta titanium)
2. Corrosion-resistant; Nickel-free, strong, lightweight, more affordable than pure titanium
3. Monel used in Aircrafts, valve pistons in trumpets, tubas and french horns

Question 20

Metal Frames: Stainless Steel

1. What is it?
2. Features?
3. Drawbacks?
4. Other uses?

Answer 20

1. Steel and Chromium blend
2. Light, corrosion resistant, hypoallergenic. Springy effect. Good for temples
3. Not stain-proof
4. watches, jewelry, bridges, monuments (St. Louis Arch)

Question 21

Metal Frames: Aluminum

1. What is it?
2. features?
3. Drawbacks?
4. Other uses?

Answer 21

1. Most abundant metal. Good lightweight option for frames
2. highly corrosion resistant and soft. 100% recyclable
3. cars, aircraft, ships masts, bikes, outer shells of electronics

Question 22

Metal Frames: Memory Metal

1. Shape Memory Alloys that revert back to what?
2. Common alloys are what?
3. Features?

Answer 22

1. to original shape, even when bent!
2. are Nickel/Titanium and Copper/aluminum/nickel
3. “Remembers” original shape even w/pts. that are rough w/their frames

Question 23

Metal Frames: Memory Metal

1. Drawback?
2. Other use?

Answer 23

1. More expensive than more commonly used metal alloys

2. Shape-memory used to reduce aircraft engine noise. Used in robotics, orthopedic surgery and dental braces

Question 24

Why is “Corrosion Resistant” Important?

1. What can be corrosive w/some pts?
2. Inside surface of metal temples are often eaten away by what?
3. Including eroding the frame, corrosion often causes what?
4. Clinical Pearl: Coat eroded frame w/what?

Answer 24

1. Perspiration
2. Perspiration
3. rashes or worse on pts skin
4. coat frame w/clear nail polish and let dry.

Question 25

Why is Hypoallergenic important w/plastic frames 1. for the same reasons that metal frames are what? 2. Conventional Zyl materials contain what? 3. People allergic to Plastisizers complain of what?

Answer 25

1. should be corrosion resistant 2. plastisizers that leach out of frames for years 3. complain of rashes or itching at contact points

Question 26

Three Basic Types of Rimless Mountings: What are they?

Answer 26

1. Conventional screw type 2. Suspension Type 3. Drill Mounting Type

Question 27

Conventional Screw Mountings 1. Screws are drilled thru what? 2. Why can't glass lenses be used? 3. Like w/all Rimless frames, they have to be limited to what Rx's?

Answer 27

1. thru lenses 2. cuz drilling thru them will effect impact resistance 3. to LOW Rxs

Question 28

Suspension Mountings 1. Lenses are "suspended" in what? 2. Notice how a low minus lens must be edged Thicker...why?

Answer 28

1. in the Frame using NYLON LINE (mine) | 2. Minus Lens has to be edged thicker to accommodate the line

Question 29

Drill Mounting 1. What are used instead of screws now?

Answer 29

1. Plastic Mounting Brackets are used in place of screws to mount the lens in the frame.

Question 30

Combination Frames 1. What was the first combination frames?

Answer 30

1. Zyl tops on a Metal Chassis Now: Typically Plastic and METAL

Question 31

What are DROP INS

Answer 31

Supplementary lenses in a mounting that drops in behind the lenses of conventional spectacles

Question 32

Clip on Sunglasses?

Answer 32

Supplementary lenses in a mounting that fastens to the frame front of a conventional pair of spectacles

Question 33

Versatile Glasses: has 2 types

Answer 33

1. Chemistrie: Sunglass (multiple colors), Readers, 3-D | 2. Altair Sunlites: Polarized Clip; 3-D Clip; Contrast Clip

Question 34

Entropion and Ptosis Spectacles 1. Entropion 2. Ptosis

Answer 34

1. Has an additional Extension behind and parallel to the lower eye wire (crutch or gallery) 2. equipped w/a crutch that's positioned behind and parallel to the upper eyewire

Question 35

Hemianopic Spectacles

Answer 35

use by those with TBI: Bare oriented toward the blind side. Power and placement varies

Question 36

Recumbent Spectacles

Answer 36

Bed glasses. Reflecting prisms. used for bed reading.

Question 37

Lorgnettes

Answer 37

frame front w/a stick to hold the front instead of temples

Question 38

Reversible Spectacles

Answer 38

Used by someone w/one eye but needs different corrective lenses for distance and near. Temples swivel at end piece so they can be worn upside down

Question 39

Miraflex

Answer 39

Baby glasses. Unbreakable