intergenerational solidarity
good and bad social ties is visible in parent-child tie. social cohesion between generations (degree to which they feel unified or affection towards each other)
associational solidarity
frequency and patterns of interaction
affectual solidarity
positive sentiments held about family members
consensual solidarity
degree of agreement on values, attitudes and beliefs
functional solidarity
degree of helping and exchanges of resources
normative solidarity
strength of commitment to fulfilling familial roles and meeting familial obligations
structural solidarity
opportunity structure for family interaction (health, proximity)
ambivalence
intergenerational ambivalence designates contradictions in relationships between parents and adult offspring that cannot be reconciled
2 types of ambivalence
sociological ambivalence: contradictory normative expectations that occur in institutional resources and requirement
psychological ambivalence: contradictions in cognitions, emotions and motivation towards the same person
results Fingermann
- closeness often related to positive sentiments
- all close ties contain some degree of conflict, but this doesn’t have to do with the relationship as a whole
- kin ties are more ambivalent than non-kin
- ambivalence characterizes closer relationship the most
peer pressure
when people your own age actively encourage you to do something or keep you from doing something, no matter if you personally want to or not
two-factor model by Lawton
positive and negative evaluations are different dimensions of caregiving (dual nature of caregiving)
pearlin’s caregiver stress model
- caregiver burden indicator of subjective evaluation of the care context
- psychological and social resources help buffer the effect of objective stressors on caregiver burden
- secondary stressors affect burden
