Lecture 7 Mobility

Question 1

Effects of immobility: Musculoskeletal

Answer 1

Disuse atrophy- decrease in muscle mass d/t lack of use
(Lose at 3% perday)

Disuse osteoporosis- Porous bones d/t lack of use = Lack of pressure on bone, depleted of calcium

Joint contractures- Shortening of muscles causing joint fixation

Question 2

Effects of immobility: Respiratory

Answer 2

Decreased respiratory movement- d/t expansion difficulties + muscle atrophy

• May lead to  Vital Capacity
• Pooling of secretions
• Atelectasis- collapse of a lobe or entire lung

• Hypostatic pneumonia- pneumonia caused by static resp. secretions = Bacteria growth

Question 3

Effects of immobility: Cardiovascular

Answer 3

• Increased cardiac workload- decreased cardiac output and decreased ability to pump effectively with exertion
• Orthostatic hypotension- BP d/t postural changes. = A drop of >20 mmHg in SBP or >10 mmHg in DBP within 3 mins of standing // Standing suddenly
• Pooling of blood in lower extremities
• Venous vasodilation- d/t  skeletal muscle contraction= pooling of blood in veins
• Dependent edema-  venous pressure= serous fluid into interstitial spaces in dependent areas
• Thrombus formation (clot)
• Embolus= Travelling clot (PE)
• Thrombophlebitis=inflamed vessel wall

Question 4

Effects of immobility: Metabolic / GI

Answer 4

• Decreased metabolic rate- energy requirements of the body decrease
• Decreased protein stores- catabolism exceeds anabolism in muscles
• Anorexia- loss of appetite
• Constipation- d/t less peristalsis and atrophy abdominal and perineal muscles

Question 5

Effects of immobility: Urinary

Answer 5

• Urinary stasis- stoppage or slowdown of urine flow
• Renal calculi- kidney stones (calcium
• Urinary retention- accumulation of urine in bladder (may lead to incontinence)
• Urinary infection- d/t urinary stasis and bacteria

Question 6

Effects of immobility: integumentary

Answer 6

• Reduced skin turgor-  skin elasticity
• Skin breakdown- d/t  blood circulation
o Braden Scale – predicts pressure ulcer risk

Question 7

Effects of immobility: psychosocial

Answer 7

• Psychological- lowered self esteem