What are some turbulent periods in the 60’s?
- civil rights
- vietnam
- generational gap
What types of films were produced in the 60’s?
- early 60’s: extension of the 50’s ( sword and sandal epics)
- but by mid 60’s production code is abandoned leading to more explicit subjects, visual and dialog
- cultural revolution in late 60’s -> films with strong sense of irony/cynicism
Why are many scores done with smaller ensembles in the 60’s?
End of studio system -> freelancing (independent production) -> costs escalate (no more contracts)
60’s marks end of which careers?
- Steiner, Newman, Tiomkin
60’s marks rise of which American composers?
- Bernstein, Jerry Goldsmith, Henry Mancini
60’s marks rise of which European composers?
French - Maurice Jarre,
English - John Barry,
Italian - Ennio Morricone
Versatility? What time period is it associated with?
60’s. New generation of composers capable of working in a number of styles.
When was The Magnificent Seven released? Composer?
- Elmer Bernstein.
Characteristics of The Magnificent Seven (4)
- influence of Aaron Copland
- clear melodies, folk influence
- strong rhythms (syncopation)
- sound of American west
Ennio Morricone birth? Known for?
- 1928-2020
- Rome, Italy
- Spaghetti Westerns
Spaghetti western?
- has Italian dubs over the actors and this is visible in the awkward lip sync
- only the Italians were speaking proper Italian
- dark and sinister presentation of the west
Ennio Morricone often worked with?
Director Sergio Leone
The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly released in? Composer?
- Ennio Morricone
The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly score characteristics? (2)
- The ‘good’ has an arrangement with the ‘ugly’
- use of sound effects, voices, and electric guitars (beatles influence!)
- iconic western/cowboy music
The Mission released? Composer? Musical characteristics?
Ennio Morricone. 1986.
Blend of catholic texts and musical styles with indigenous musical elements/instruments
John Barry birth/death? Early life?
- classical pianist/trumpet
- British pop musician and became pop star in 50’s/early 60’s
Dr. No release? What is it about? Composer?
- James Bond. Originally Monty Norman, but he was too slow/bad (e.g. music has to fade during phone calls) so John Barry completed it.
Who is credited with James Bond theme?
Monty Norman originally received credit -> John Barry copyright lawsuit -> John Barry created every part of music except for basic structure
Did John Barry win any awards? Which?
5 AA including: : Born Free (1967), Out of Africa (1986), and Dances with
Wolves (1991)
John Barry’s style?
Clear, tonal melodies (pop influence)
Modernism?
Rejection of the past in favour of the new. E.g. atonality becomes more prominent as the traditional orchestral is diminished in importance
2001: A space odyssey director? Composer(s)?
Stanley Kubrick.
Richard Strauss, Johann Strauss II
Musical characteristics of 2001: A space Odyssey? (5)
- Score compiled from classical music (something that has not been seen in a while)
- Combination of tonal music from late 19th-century (Johanna Strauss II) and atonal music
from the 20th-century (Gyorgy Ligeti) - often when music is on it has complete control (moments of spectacle/no dialog)
- wordless choir (voices stand out and create physical presence)
- film cut to the music (not other way around)
Jerry Goldsmith birth/death? Early life?
- Los Angeles
- Inspired by Rosza’s Spellbound
- Studied at USC with Rosza
- TV composing
- First film work in 1957
