lecture 8

Question 1

Theoretical Perspectives

Explain Freud’s psychosexual perspectives

anal and phallic stage age 2-6

Answer 1

• review: internal drives and emotions are the driving force behind dvelopmental change in the social and emotional domains
  1. gain control of their bodily functions
  2. renegotiate their relationships with their parents to prepare for stepping out into the world of peers

Question 2

Theoretical Perspectives

Describe Erikson’s psychosocial theory for this age

Answer 2

1. Autonomy vs shame and doubt = will : centers around the toddler’s new mobility and the accompanying desire for autonomy
2. initiative vs guilt = purpose: ushered in by new cognitive skills which accentuates their wish to take the initiative

Question 3

Theoretical Perspectives

Explain Bandura’s Social-Cognitive theory

describe: person perception, understanding rule categories, understanding other’s intentions

Answer 3

• linking behaviour to cognitive
• asserts that social and personality developement in early childhood are related to improvements in the cognitive domain
• person perception: ability to classify others according to categories; judgments on recent interactions
• understanding rule categories: distinguish difference b/w 2-3 years; learned difference through punishment for moral transgression to distinguish b/w social conventions and moral rules
• understanding other’s intentions: understand intentions to some degree; understand inetntional wrong-doing is more deserving of greater punishments than unintentional rule transgressions

Question 4

Interactions with Others

what is the behaviour displayed in children with different attchment styles

secure attachment and insecurely attachment

Answer 4

• 4/5 yr old are more likely to have positive relationships with their pre-school teachers
• insecurely attached more likely to display agression and develop negative, critical attitudes towards themselves

Question 5

Describe Diana Baumrind 4 aspects of family functioning

Answer 5

• warmth or nurturance
• clarity and consistency of rules
• level of experctations / maturity demands
• communication b/w parent and child

Question 6

What are the different parenting styles?

Answer 6

• Authoritarian - 25%
• Permissive - 25%
• authoritative - 33%
• uninvoled - 15%

Question 7

Interactions with others

describe the importance of peer relationships

define: social skills

Answer 7

• non-sibling relationships become increasingly important
• a critical period - development of social skills through interactions