NE Exam 2 > Lecture 8: Brain Development > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Brain Development Flashcards

(49 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What does the notochordal process induce formation of?

With what molecule?

A

Neural plate

Sonic Hedge Hog (SHH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does primary neurulation occur?

A

Day 22-23

Beginning of 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What parts of the CNS form during primary neurulation?

A

Future Brain and lumbar Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neuropore closes on day 25?

A

Cranial/Rostra Neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What neuropore closes on day 27?

A

Caudal Neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of the neural tube forms the brain?

A

Neural tube cranial to 4th somites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three primary brain vesicles?

A
  • Proencephalon: forebrain
  • Mesencephalon: midbrain
  • Rhombencephalon: hindbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What primary brain vesicles divide in the 5th week?

A

Forebrain (Prosencephalon)

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the prosencephalon give rise to?

A
  • Telencephalon: cerebral hemipsheres and lateral venticles
  • Diencephalon: thalami structures and 3rd ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are derivatives from the mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the rhombencephalon give rise to?

A
  • Metencephalon: pons, cerebellum, and upper part of 4th ventricle
  • Myelencephalon: medulla and lower part of 4th ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the cervical flexure divide?

A

Hindbrain and spinal cord

Flexes forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pontine flexure divide?

A

Divides hindbrain into rostral metencephalon and caudal myelecephalon (pons/cerebellum and medulla)

Extending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What separates hindbrain from midbrain?

A

Isthmus Rhombencephali

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the mesencephalic flexure divide?

A

Midbrain and forebrain

Flexes forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some structures formed in the myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)?

A
  • Nuclei Gracilus and Curneatus (sensory nuclei)
  • Pyramids (white matter dealing with motor tracts)
  • Alar and Basal Plates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What gives rise to sensory neurons that remain contained within the CNS?

A

Alar plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the embryological origin of motor neurons that leave the CNS to go out to skeletal muscle?

A

Basal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the division between the alar and basal plates?

Which plate is medial and lateral?

A

Sulcus limitans splits alar (lateral) and basal (medial) plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gives rise to the cerebellum?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dorsal parts of the alar plates

Eventually projects into 4th ventricle and overlaps pons and medulla

21
Q

What coveres teh ependymal roof of the 4th ventricle?

22
Q

What is tela choroidea?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Very thin part of pia mater that coveres lower part of 4th venticle
  • Will invaginate the ventricle to form choroid plexus
23
Q

How do the median and lateral apertures form?

Study These Flashcards
A

Roof of 4th ventricle evaginates and those ruptures form the aperatures, allowing CSF to enter subarachnoid space

24
Q

What gives rise to the superior and inferior colliculi?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neuroblasts from alar plate that make tectum

Colliculi deal with vision/hearing, which are sensory

25
What gives rise to the tegmental nuclei? What are some examples of tegmental nuclei?
Neuroblasts from _basal plate_ that make tegmental nuclei * Red Nuclei * Reticular Nuclei * CN III Nuclei * CN IV Nuclei
26
What gives rise to substantia nigra?
Basal or alar plate that migrate ventrally
27
Are diencephalon structures grey or white matter?
Grey Matter
28
What gives rise to the hypothalamus?
Neuroblasts in intermediate zone
29
What gives rise to the pineal gland?
Median diverticulum of the caudal part of the epithalamus
30
What embryological layer gives rise to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Oral Ectoderm
31
What embryological layer gives rise to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Neuroectoderm
32
What part of the pituitary gland arises from the diencephalic floor?
Posterior lobe
33
Incomplete separation of cerebral hemispheres during development can result in what disorder?
Holoprosencephaly
34
Patient presents with epilepsy, headache, abnormal movements. Upon examination, he has a reduced frontonasal prominence and a cleft lip as well as some developmental delay. What disorder does he most likely have?
Holoprosencephaly
35
What layer of the spinal cord are the ependymal and choroid plexus cells located?
Ventricular layer (Line the ventricles and central canal)
36
What cells are contained within the intermediate layer (mantle zone)?
Neurons Astrocytes Glioblasts =\> glial cells
37
What layer of the spinal cord are oligodendrocytes and the neuronal axons located?
Marginal zone
38
What major structure is the caudate nucleus located adjacent to?
Lateral ventricle
39
What levels are syrinx formations generally found?
C2-T9
40
During development, when does the cortex begin folding in on itself?
6th and 7th months gestation
41
What lamina appears largest in sensory areas?
Lamina IV (input from thalamus)
42
What lamina appears largest in motor areas?
Lamina V (output to subcortical structures: brainstem, spinal cord, basal ganglia)
43
Development of which laminae occurs first?
VI and V (deep layers from the cortical plate)
44
Which lamina is formed last?
Lamina II (from subplate)
45
Failure of neuronal migration during weeks 12-24 can result in what brain disorder?
Lissencephaly (agyria, smooth brain)
46
What is Lissencephaly characterized by?
Microcephaly Ventriculomegaly Minimal operculum of insula Complete/partial agenesis of corpus collosum
47
Fetal brain injury by what microorganisms can cause microcephaly?
Cytomegalovirus Rubella Toxoplasma gondii
48
What is the embryological origin of the spinal ganglion cells and sensory neurons in the periphery?
Neural Crest Cells
49
What is the embryological origin of the motor neurons in the PNS?
Neuroectoderm
NE Exam 2
flashcards
Decks in class (28)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions