what is the joiner equation?
vo2 max X fractional utilisation of vo2 max X efficiency
what does vo2 max X fractional utilisation of vo2 max give you?
sustainable metabolic rate associated with endurance performance
what does efficiency give you? speed/power output associated with the metabolic rate
what is efficiency?
work output/energy input
what is work output measured in?
WATTS - 1 watt is 1 joule per sec
how can energy input be measured?
gas exchange during exercise - douglas bags
where is energy lost?
lost as heat
what happens to some of the ATP we generate?
not all energy stored is used to power muscle contraction and is lost as heat
how can we be more efficient?
if have more energy - can conserve to generate ATP
what is the investigation of muscle efficiency concerned with?
energy transformations
what are thermodynamic principles?
relationship between heat, work, temp and energy
- these are why we arent 100% efficient
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
energy cant be created or destroyed - it changes from one form to another
what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
when energy changes from one form to another entropy (disorder) increases
what is phosphorylative efficiency?
only some of the stored chemical energy will be transferred to ATP - the rest is lost as heat
what is mechanical-coupling efficiency?
not all energy stored will contribute to mechanical work
how is overall muscular efficiency determined?
% of energy available in macronutients (ATP) X % of energy stored within ATP which contributes to mechanical work
what do we need to be able to work out gross efficiency in cycling?
1 - work output
2 - substrate being metabolised (RER)
3 - amount of substrate being metabolised (vol of o2 consumed)
what does the amount of energy consumed per litre of o2 consumed depend on?
the substrate being metabolised
what did Conley and Krahenbuhl find regarding the relationship between running economy and 10k in endurance runners (1980)?
more economical parts needed less o2 to run at a given speed
- running economy is an important determinant in running efficiency
what did Horowitz et al (1992) find regarding cycling efficiency and performance?
parts in the higher efficiency group were able to generate more power output and so could perform better
what are type 1 fibres?
slow twitch
what are type 2a fibre?
fast-oxidative
what are type 2x fibres?
fast-glycolytic
why is the economy so diff in running vs cycling?
running styles can differ - stride length and frequencies
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lecture 1 - VO2 max16
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lecture 2 - oxygen uptake kinetics and exercise intensity domains24
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lecture 3 - metabolic and ventilatory thresholds20
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lecture 4 - neuromuscular fatigue26
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lecture 5 - thermoregulation28
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lecture 6 - adaptations to training9
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lecture 7 - female physiology23
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lecture 8 - exercise efficiency27
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lecture 9 - exercise in extreme conditions - COLD13
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lecture 10 - exercise adaptations to exposure - ALTITUDE14
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lecture 11 - MICT vs HIIT18
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practical - assessing anaerobic power/capacity9
