LECTURE - Circulatory System

Question 1

elastic arteries

Answer 1

• biggest in the body
• concentric elastic lamellae permit distensibility and recoil
• withstands and maintains high pressure

Question 2

muscular arteries

Answer 2

• circumferential smooth muscle coat of variable thickness

- controls flow

Question 3

circulatory system functions

Answer 3

• transport

- thermoregulation

Question 4

circulatory system components

Answer 4

• blood
• blood vessels
• lymphatics
• heart

Question 5

three types of circulator system

Answer 5

• systemic: carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to other parts of the body
• pulmonary: carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
• portal: circulation of nutrient-rich blood between the gut and liver is called the portal circulation. It enables the liver to remove any harmful substances that may have been digested before the blood enters the main blood circulation around the body—the systemic circulation

Question 6

main mechanical forces to consider in the design of systemic circulation

Answer 6

• high pressure
• turbulent blood flow
• high flow and high volume

Question 7

three layers of blood vessels

Answer 7

• intima = ‘intimate’ with blood; innermost
• media = thickness variation
• adventitia = outermost

Question 8

three layers of blood vessels

Answer 8

• intima = ‘intimate’ with blood; innermost
• media = thickness variation
• adventitia = outermost

Question 9

elastic arteries

Answer 9

• concentric elastic lamellae permit distensibility and recoil
• withstands and maintains high pressure

Question 10

muscular arteries

Answer 10

• circumferential smooth muscle coat of variable thickness

- controls flow

Question 11

diameter controls resistance/flow

Answer 11

arteriole/small muscular artery

Question 12

microcirculation/capillaries

Answer 12

components of cap wall:

• endothelium/endothelial cells
• basement membrane
• pericytes

functions: exchange of gas, nutrients

Question 13

layers of the veins

Answer 13

• intima: endothelial cells, indistinct internal elastic lamina
• media: smooth muscle cells
• adventitia = thickest layer
• valves to prevent backflow

Question 14

lymphatics

Answer 14

• look like venous channels
• circulating lymphocytes, lymph
• may have valves (lower pressure so need valves to prevent backflow)

Question 15

3 basic layers of the heart

Answer 15

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 16

cardiomyocyte

Answer 16

cells responsible for generating contractile force in the intact heart