Lecture Cognitive Behaviour Modification

Question 1

What is cognitive behaviour?

Answer 1

Covert events that involve self-talk or imaginal behaviour. Is also called “private events.”

Question 2

What are some examples of behavioural excess?

Answer 2

Depression, obsessions/ruminations, fears/phobias, or chronic worry.

Question 3

What are some examples of behavioural deficits?

Answer 3

Poor decision making or poor problem solving.

Question 4

When defining cognitive behaviour, what are two things you must identify?

Answer 4

1. The occurrence of specific thoughts and images, as well as specific behaviours (not just labels for this behaviour).

Question 5

Where is the problem of circular reason present in cognitive behaviour?

Answer 5

The observed behaviour is given a label. That label is then used as the explanation for the behaviour.

Question 6

Where are the causes of behaviour found?

Answer 6

In the environment.

Question 7

What are the 4 functions of cognitive behaviour?

Answer 7

1. Conditioned stimuli.
2. EO.
3. Discriminative stimuli for other operant behaviour.
4. Reinforcer or punisher.

Question 8

How can cognitive behaviour function as a CS?

Answer 8

Thoughts or images can elicit anxiety, anger, or sexual arousal.

Question 9

How can cognitive behaviour function as an EO?

Answer 9

Imagining a positive outcome of an action a fearful thought is an establishing operation for escape.

Question 10

How can cognitive behaviour function as a discriminative stimuli for operant behaviour?

Answer 10

Self instructions, problem solving, decision-making can lead to successful behaviour.

Question 11

How can cognitive behaviour function as a reinforcer or punisher?

Answer 11

Self-praise, self-criticism following behaviour.

Question 12

What are the two types of cognitive behaviour modification?

Answer 12

Cognitive restructuring and cognitive coping skills.

Question 13

What is the goal of cognitive restructuring?

Answer 13

To replace distressing thoughts with more desirable thoughts.

Question 14

What are the 3 steps in cognitive restructuring?

Answer 14

1. Identify the distressing thoughts and the situations where they occur.
2. Identify the emotional response, mood, or behaviour that follows (from self-report or self-monitoring).
3. Help the client replace distressing thoughts with functional thoughts.

Question 15

What are Beck’s 3 questions when challenging the client’s distorted thinking?

Answer 15

1. Where is the evidence?
2. Are there alternative explanations?
3. What are the implications?

Question 16

List the 7 cognitive distortions talked about in class.

Answer 16

1. All-or-nothing thinking.
2. Overgeneralization.
3. Disqualifying the positive.
4. Jumping to conclusions.
5. Magnification and minimization.
6. Labelling.
7. Personalization.
   Remember JALOP MD

Question 17

What is personalization?

Answer 17

Taking responsibility for things you are not responsible for.

Question 18

What is labelling?

Answer 18

Basing opinions off feelings rather than discrete events.

Question 19

Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression focuses on…

Answer 19

Activity, mood, and cognitive behaviour.

Question 20

Cognitive therapy for depression is a ___ ___ therapy.

Answer 20

Time limited.

Question 21

True or false? Beck’s cognitive therapy is used only for depression.

Answer 21

False, can be applied to other problems as well.

Question 22

Outline the steps in cognitive therapy for depression.

Answer 22

1. Activity log to look at behaviour and mood.
2. Behavioural assignments to increase activity level.
3. Assess activity-mood relationship.
4. Assessment of cognitive behaviour.
5. Assess cognitive behaviour-mood relationship.
6. Cognitive restructuring.
7. Transfer of skills to the client.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of cognitive coping skills training?

Answer 23

1. Self-instructional training.
2. Self inoculation training.
3. Problem solving training.

Question 24

What are the 4 steps in self-instructional training?

Answer 24

1. Identify the problem situation and desirable behaviour.
2. Identify the self-instructions to be used in the situation.
3. Teach self-instructions and immediate reinforcement.
4. Use the self-instructions in the problem situation to guide desirable behaviour.

Question 25

What are the 5 steps in problem solving training?

Answer 25

1. Develop a problem solving orientation. 2. Define the problem to be solved. 3. Generate possible solutions through brainstorming. 4. Evaluate each potential situation. 5. Put the plan into action and evaluate how it works.

Question 26

What are the 4 steps in stress inoculation training?

Answer 26

1. Identify self-statements that contribute to stress/anxiety and the situations in which they occur. 2. Generate new coping self-statements to be used in 4 phases. 3. Rehearse coping self-statements in role-plays of the difficult situation. 4. Practice progressively more stressful situations in the natural environment.

Question 27

In generating new coping self-statements in stress inoculation, what are the 4 phases?

Answer 27

1. Preparing for the stressor. 2. Confronting the stressor. 3. Being overwhelmed by the stressor. 4. Praising self for comping with the stressor.

Question 28

According to cognitive behaviour, thoughts and feelings are...

Answer 28

Behaviours.

Question 29

True or false? Cognitive behaviour can serve as CS's, EO's, and SD's.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

Cognitive behaviour are not the sole causes of behaviour or consequences, and one focus is on disentangling ___ from ___.

Answer 30

Thoughts from operants.

Question 31

Behaviours are thoughts. Thoughts are behaviours. Which is true and which is false?

Answer 31

Thoughts are behaviours, but behaviours are not thoughts.

Question 32

___ come before ___.

Answer 32

Causes, effects.

Question 33

Behaviour is usually sculpted by past consequences rather than...

Answer 33

Abstracted foresight.

Question 34

There is the possibility to understand and change behaviour by focusing on its ___.

Answer 34

Consequences (or function).

Question 35

Behaviour is controlled by ___ term contingencies, rather than ___ term abstract contingencies.

Answer 35

Short, long.

Question 36

Behaviour can be changed and understood from its ___.

Answer 36

Parts.