Lecture Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

_________ - refers to joints

Arthro

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\_\_\_\_ = plural     
\_\_\_\_ = singular

- sis

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Joint Function -

_________ – immovable joint

Synarthrosis

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Joint Function -

_________ – slightly movable

Amphiarthrosis

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Joint Function -

_________ – freely movable

Diarthrosis (or synovial)

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Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are joined by connective tissue, very little movement allowed

Fibrous

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Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are united by cartilage

Cartilaginous

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Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity

Synovial

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-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – seams formed between the bones of the skull

Sutures

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-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – two bones fuse and joint line disappears

Synostosis

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-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – two bones are joined tightly together by
ligament

Syndesmoses

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-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – bond between the periodontal ligament and teeth to hold them in their sockets

Gomphoses

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-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-

_________ – connecting material is hyaline cartilage

Synchondroses

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-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-

_________ – bones are separated by a pad of cartilage

Symphysis

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_________ - Allow the most movement and are the most common type of joint

Synovial Joints

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – smooth surface at the ends of two bones

Articular cartilage

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular cartilage:

made up of _________ cartilage, but contains more _________
Reduces _________ and acts as a shock absorber
Compressed when force is applied

hyaline
water
friction

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular cartilage:

made up of hyaline cartilage, but contains more water
Reduces friction and acts as a _________
_________ when force is applied

shock absorber

- Compressed

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – space between the bones that contains fluid

Joint (synovial) cavity

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – double layer membrane; provides the border of the joint cavity

Articular capsule

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular capsule:

_________ – continuous with the periosteum of the bones
–Provides _________ for the joint

Fibrous capsule

- strength

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular capsule:

_________ – lines the inside of the fibrous capsule
–Cells secrete _________ fluid

Synovial membrane

- synovial

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – egg white consistency; found within the joint cavity

Synovial fluid

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5 features of Synovial Joints -

Synovial fluid - three functions;

-Shock absorption

-Nutrient distribution

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- 5 features of Synovial Joints - Synovial fluid - three functions; - -Nutrient distribution -

- Lubrication | - Shock absorption

- 5 features of Synovial Joints - _________ – connect bone to bone and provide strength and reinforcement for the joint

Ligaments

- 5 features of Synovial Joints - Ligaments: _________ – ligament is stretched to its limit; some collagen fibers tear

Sprain

_________ – called menisci (singular is meniscus)

Cartilage pads

_________ - Found between the femur and tibia

Cartilage pads

_________ – small mass of adipose

Fat pads

_________ - Provide some extra cushioning and fill in empty spaces created when the joint moves

Fat pads

_________ – cross over joints

Tendons

_________ - Limit movement and provide support

Tendons

_________ – fluid filled pockets that contain synovial fluid

Bursae

_________ - Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers

Bursae

_________ - bursitis

Inflammation

Generally, a joint with a lot of _________ is less stable and joints that are _________ stable allow little movement

- mobility | - very

- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint - _________ – provide stability, but not very effective if they’re the only source of support

Collagen fibers and ligaments

- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint - Shapes of _________ surfaces and _________ --Shoulder vs. hip – acetabulum is very deep compared to the glenoid cavity

- articulating | - menisci

- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint - Presence of other _________, muscles, or _________ around the joint

- bones | - fat pads

- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint - _________ surrounding the joint – _________ in any given direction may be encouraged or discouraged

- Tendons | - movement

Dislocation – also called _________

luxation

_________ - Bones are forced out of position – can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments and the joint capsule

luxation

Putting a joint back in position is called _________

reduction

_________ – partial dislocation

Subluxation

_________ joints – two flat surfaces slide along each other, but very little movement occurs

Planar

_________ joints | Example: intercarpal joints

Planar

_________ joints – permit movement in one plane

Hinge

_________ joints – | Example: humerus and ulna

Hinge

_________ joints – permit rotation only

Pivot

_________ joints – | Example: atlas and axis

Pivot

_________ joints – oval articular face sits in a depression on the opposite bone

Ellipsoidal or condyloid

_________ joints – | Example: metacarpals and phalanges

Ellipsoidal or condyloid

_________ joints – two bones fit together like a rider in a saddle

Saddle

_________ joints – | Example: trapezium and first metacarpal

Saddle

_________ joints – round head of one bone sits in a depression in the other bone

Ball and socket

_________ joints – - Example: shoulder and hip - -Most mobile joints

Ball and socket

- Types of Movement - _________ – two flat surfaces glide along each other

Gliding

- Types of Movement - _________ - Example: Carpal bones, tarsal bones, clavicles and sternum

Gliding

- Types of Movement - _________ reduces the angle between 2 bones

Flexion

- Types of Movement - _________ - Examples – bending at the waist, leaning your head forward, bending your arm

Flexion

- Types of Movement - _________ – increases the angle between 2 bones

Extension

- Types of Movement - _________ - Examples – standing upright, bringing head up, straightening arm

Extension

- Types of Movement - _________ – going beyond anatomical position

Hyperextension

- Types of Movement - _________ - Examples – looking at the ceiling, bending wrist back

Hyperextension

- Types of Movement - _________ – movement away from the midline of the body

Abduction

- Types of Movement - _________ - Example – moving arm away from side

Abduction

- Types of Movement - _________ – movement toward the midline

Adduction

- Types of Movement - _________ - Bring arm back to body

Adduction

- Types of Movement - Fingers – spreading apart is _________, bringing together is _________

- abduction | - adduction

- Types of Movement - _________ – rotation of limb in a circle

Circumduction

- Types of Movement - _________ – movement around an axis

Rotation

- Types of Movement - _________ - Example – turning the head left or right

Rotation

- Types of Movement - _________ – turning palm over

Pronation

- Types of Movement - _________ – palms facing forward; anatomical position

Supination

- Types of Movement - _________ – toes move up toward leg; dig in your heels

Dorsiflexion

- Types of Movement - _________ – point toes; stepping on the gas

Plantar flexion

- Types of Movement - _________ – turning the sole of the foot inward

Inversion

- Types of Movement - _________ – turning the sole of the foot outward

Eversion

- Types of Movement - _________ – movement anteriorly – sticking out jaw

Protraction

- Types of Movement - _________ – movement posteriorly – pulling jaw in

Retraction

- Types of Movement - _________ – superior movement – shrugging shoulders

Elevation

- Types of Movement - _________ – inferior movement – open mouth

Depression

- Types of Movement - _________ – touching thumb to other fingers

Opposition

- Types of Movement - _________ – bending to the side

Lateral flexion

Three articulations that make up the knee joint: - medial condyles - _________ condyles - Patella and patellar surface of the _________

- lateral | - femur

Three articulations that make up the knee joint: - _________ condyles - lateral condyles - _________ and _________ surface of the femur

- medial - Patella - patellar

Three functions of the menisci.: - Act as _________ - Change shape to conform to the shape of the articular surfaces as the femur moves - Provide _________ stability

- cushions | - lateral

Three functions of the menisci.: - Act as cushions - Change _________ to conform to the shape of the _________ surfaces as the femur moves - Provide lateral stability

- shape | - articular

Seven ligaments associated with knee: _________ – continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps femurs --Attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Patellar ligament

Seven ligaments associated with knee: _________ – extend from the femur to the heads of the tibia and fibula posteriorly

Popliteal ligaments (2)

Seven ligaments associated with knee: _________ – attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Seven ligaments associated with knee: _________ – stabilize the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee when the leg is extended

Tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments

The _________ is the most mobile and most frequently _________ joint in the body.

- shoulder | - dislocated

- Shoulder _________ – dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint - -Usually the result of a blow to the superior surface of the shoulder

-separation

Shoulder _________ – head of the humerus slips out of the glenoid cavity

dislocation

The elbow joint is made up of the: - - Radius -

- Humerus | - Ulna

Strongest point of the elbow joint is where the _________ of the humerus and the _________ of the ulna articulate

-trochlea-trochlear notch

The hip is made up of the head of the _________ and the _________ of the coxal bone

- femur | - acetabulum

_________ – usually results from the wear and tear on the joint surfaces

Osteoarthritis

_________ – inflammation of the joints

Rheumatoid Arthritis

_________ – crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid

Gouty arthritis

Lecture Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Flashcards

(102 cards)