What are the 7 principles of Universal Design in (Assisting devices) ?
- EQUITABLE use- (useful to people with diverse abilities)
- FLEXIBILITY in use- (accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities ( accommodates R + L handed))
- SIMPLE and INTUITIVE to use- (easy to understand)
- PERCEPTIBLE INFORMATION - (communicates regardless of abilities=ex. through pictures
- TOLERANCE TO ERROR- (provides warnings)
- LOW PHYSICAL EFFORT
- SIZE and SPACE for approach and use- (ex. regardless of user’s body size)
How can AT (assistive devices ) support a client? (4 categories)
- Augumentative and alternative communication (AAC)
- technology enables mobility
- Techonology aids manipulation and control of environment and safety
- Sensory Aids (ex. auditory)
What is pain?
an unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease or emotional disorder
What is Somatic pain?
detected by receptors in skin, bone, tissue
What is Visceral pain ?
activated by pain receptors in the thoracic, abdominal or pelvic cavities
When is Viscral pain usually experiences?
Post-operatively; following trauma, and in chronic conditions- ex. arthritis
What are the 2 types of Pains in NOCICEPTIVE Pain?
What do Nociceptive Pains feel like?
-Somatic and Visceral Pain
- sharp
- aching
- throbbing
- crushing
How could you treat Nociceptive pain? (what does it respond to)
- opioids
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)
___ is produced by damage to pathological changes in the inhibitory functions of the Peripheral or CNS
NEUROPATHIC Pain
What type of pain is it for NEUROPATHIC Pain?
- burning
- shooting
- tingling
- prickling
- electrical
What is PSYCHOGENIC Pain?
Is related to a psychological disorder, does not have an organic cause
**Often requires treatment under a psychologist or psychiatrist
Acute pain is LONG lasting or SHORT lasting?
short
-may last several hours, days, up to 3 months
Chronic pain lasts at least how long?
Is it easy to identify ?
at least 3 months; not always easily identified
What are 6 Psychological Responses to Pain?
- Increase PULSE & respirations
- Increase ENDOCRINE production
- Decrease URINARY output
- Decrease GASTRIC motility
- IMMUNE system depression
- Decrease MENTAL functioning- despair, anxiety, sleeplessness
What is a Scale for Pressure Sore Risk?
Braden Scale
Why do TA’s should have some knowledge about pharmocology?
- to understand the patient’s response to different drugs
- Schedule for optimal performance
- to recognize drug-therapy interactions
- to recognize drug reactions and report them immediately to supervisor
2 Routes of how drugs/medication can enter your body
- Via Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
* Oral - Parenteral Route
* Needle/Injection
* Topical (cream/ointment)
* Inhalation
What are drugs called that treat pain?
Analgesics
What are some side effects from Analegesics?
- constipation
- drowsiness
- nausea
- vomiting
- sweating
What is the Non - pharmacological Approach ?
various physical, cognitive and emotional therapies for both acute and persistent pain
What is Adjuvent pain treatment mean?
“helper drug” such as an antidepressant
What are some disorders resulting in mobility impairments? (3)
- Neurological conditions (MS)
- Orthopedic and rheumatological conditions
- Other considerations (Diabetes etc.)
5 scales of mobility limitations: (with wheelchair) what are they?
- Full ambulator – No mobility impairment
- Marginal ambulator – Can walk short distances; may need w/c at times
- Manual w/c user –self propelling
- Marginal manual w/c user – manual w/c mobility may not be the most efficient means of mobility
- Total/severe mobility-impaired user
What are 3 benefits of Power mobility?
- increased quality of life
- improved self-esteem
- increased social interaction
