Which of the following glial cells is defined incorrectly?
- Oligodendrocytes: Forms myelin in the brain and spinal cord
- Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
- Microglia: Macrophages that develop from white blood cells
- Ependymal cell: Contain no basement membrane
Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
All of the following describe Multiple Sclerosis except?
- Demyelination of the CNS
- There is no cure
- Nerve conduction is amplified
- Oligodentrocytes are replaced by hardened scar tissue
Nerve conduction is amplified
Which statement about the nervous system is correct?
- The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord
- Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells
- Another term for the somatic sensory division is the automatic nervous system (ANS)
- The efferent division carries signals from effectors to the CNS
Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells
In the PNS, nerve regeneration is impossible
True or False?
False
What do chemical synapses and electrical synapses have in common?
- The release of a neurotransmitter is required
- They both integrate information and make decisions
- Communication occurs at the axon terminal
- Adjacent cells are joined by gap junctions
Communication occurs at the axon terminal
The subarachnoid space is also referred to as the lumbar cistern
True or False?
True
Which of the following is true regarding gray and white matter in the CNS?
- White matter surrounds gray matter and contains bundles of unmyelinated axons
- Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration
- White matter contains a central canal in the middle
- Gray matter provides avenues of communication between different levels in the CNS
Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration
Which of these ascending tracts decussates in the spinal cord AND is responsible for signaling pain and temperature sensations?
- Spinothalamic tract
- Gracile fasciculus
- Spinocerebellar tract
- Cuneate fasciculus
Spinothalamic tract
In the thoracic region, the anterior ramus forms ____
- Cutaneous nerves
- The cervical plexus
- An intercostal nerve
- The lumbar plexus
An intercostal nerve
All of the following statements are true except:
- Reflexes require stimulation
- Skeletal muscles are a component of a somatic reflex
- Glands are able to generate a visceral reflex
- All of these are true
All of these are true
The cerebrum lies superior to the cerebellum, and its’ two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum
True or False?
True
Which is true regarding the dura mater?
- Contains an epidural space
- Is attached to the sutures of the skull
- Within the cranium, there are 3 layers
- The falx cerebelli empties into the internal jugular veins of the neck
Is attached to the sutures of the skull
Which of the following correctly relates to Ependymal cells?
- Absorbs cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) with the help of arachnoid granulations
- Also known as the cerebral aqueduct within the third ventricle
- Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate
- None of these
Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate
Which structure would you find CSF flowing?
- Lateral ventricles
- Subarachnoid space
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Central canal
- All of these
All of these
Parkinson’s disease degenerates cells within the cerebral cortex, causing uncontrolled muscle movements
True or False?
False
Which of the following nerves are both motor and sensory (mixed)?
- Olfactory
- Abducens
- Accessary
- All of these
- None of these
None of these
Which of the following is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
- Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominus
- Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
- Pelvic floor muscles used to pass gas
- None of these are controlled by the ANS
Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
Sympathetic stimulation results in…
- Dilation of the pupil
- Acceleration of the heart
- Bronchodilation
- Inhibits activity of pancreas
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which statement is true?
- The thoracolumbar division has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers
The sympathetic division of the ANS arises from only the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord - The sympathetic division has no cranial nerves which originates in the spinal cord
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which statement correctly compares/contrasts the somatic and automatic system?
- The somatic motor division is usually voluntary, and the autonomic division is usually involuntary
- The autonomic division requires two neurons from the CNS to the effector whereas the somatic nervous system only requires one neuron from the CNS to the effector
- The somatic nervous system has neuromuscular junctions at it’s distal nerve endings while the ANS ends in beadlike varicosities which release a neurotransmitter
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors
True or False
True
What is another name for prevertebral ganglion?
- Collateral ganglion
- Preganglionic neuron
- Autonomic ganglia
- Paravertebral ganglia
- None of these
Collateral ganglion
Which of these is true?
- Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain
- Nociceptors detect odor, taste
- Unmyelinated pain fibers are faster and produce slow pain
- There are 4 types of nociceptors corresponding to unique pain sensations
Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain
What transfers sound vibrations to the inner ear?
- The vestibule
- The stapedius
- the stapes
- The modiolus
The stapes
