Pharm 313 > Leftover CNS > Flashcards

Leftover CNS Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

drug for muscle spasm

A

cyclobenzaprine

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2
Q

what is a muscle spasm?

A

involuntary contraction of muscle group

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3
Q

non-pharmacological treatment for muscle spasms

A

heat pack, ice massage, whirlpool

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4
Q

pharmacological treatment for muscle spasms

A

acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Muscle Relaxants

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5
Q

prototype for muscle relaxant

A

cyclobenzaprine (Flexaril, Flexmid)

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6
Q

1st drug of choice for muscle relaxant

A

cyclobenzaprine

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7
Q

how does cyclobenzaprine work?

A
  • works in brainstem to cause muscle relaxation W/O MUSCLE WEAKNESS
  • decrease tonic motor activity
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8
Q

side effects of cyclobenzaprine

A

CNS effects:

  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
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9
Q

What should you avoid with cyclobenzaprine?

A

risk of additive effect:

  • alcohol
  • other CNS drugs
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10
Q

Considerations for long term use with cyclobenzaprine?

A
  • CNS effects decrease with continued use due to increase tolerance
  • physical dependence –> wean off slowly
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11
Q

Is cyclobenzaprine used postoperatively?

A

-used in multimodal pain protocol for ABD surgery

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12
Q

what is spasticity?

A

heightened muscle tone

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13
Q

causes of spasticity?

A

multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy

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14
Q

CNS drug for spasticity?

A

baclofen (Lioresal)

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15
Q

How does Baclofen work?

A

decrease spasticity W/O MUSCLE WEAKNESS

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16
Q

side effects of baclofen

A

CNS effects:

  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • fatigue
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17
Q

what to avoid with baclofen?

A

risk of additive effects:

  • alcohol
  • other CNS drugs
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18
Q

considerations with long term use of Baclofen?

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A
  • CNS effects decrease with continued use due to increase tolerance
  • physical dependence –> wean off slowly
19
Q

initial dose of baclofen needs to be….. why?

Study These Flashcards
A

start low and slow!

-too high of a dose initially can lead to RESP DEPRESSION, COMA

20
Q

what are characteristics of ADHD?

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A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

21
Q

drug therapy goals for treating ADHD

Study These Flashcards
A
  • increase attention span
  • improve focus/concentration
  • ->does not get rid of negative behaviors but increase positive behaviors
22
Q

2 types of ADHD meds

Study These Flashcards
A

stimulant

non-stimulant

23
Q

stimulant med for ADHD treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

methylphenidate (concerta)

24
Q

which is 1st line of therapy for ADHD treatment- stimulant or non stimulant?

25
onset of action from stimulant ADHD meds?
immediate benefit
26
Duration of action for stimulant ADHD drugs
only works 2-3 years
27
how does methylphenidate (concerta) work?
promotes norepinephrine and dopamine release AND inhibits reuptake --> increase NE/Dopamine in synaptic cleft --> increase action of those neurotransmitters
28
What schedule drug is methylphenidate? what does that result in?
Schedule II controlled substance | --> difficulty w/refills, potential for abuse
29
what are side effects of methylphenidate?
- insomnia - decrease appetite - growth suppression - headache - abdominal pain
30
what time of day do you need to take methylphenidate dose (s)?
1X daily = take in AM to prevent insomnia | BID = take 2nd dose before 4PM
31
formulation options for methylphenidate?
- sustained release - immediate release - once daily dosing
32
what is second line therapy for ADHD? stimulant or nonstimulant?
non stimulant : atomoxetine (strattera), alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
33
How are non stimulant drugs more effective?
use in combination therapy with stimulant and other treatments
34
non stimulant ADHD drug therapy:
atomoxetine (strattera) | alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
35
how does Atomoxetine fxn?
inhibit norepinephrine reuptake | --> takes 1-3 weeks for full effect b/c adaptive change in brain needs to occur
36
onset of action for atomoxetine:
takes 1-3 weeks for full effect b/c adaptive change in brain needs to occur
37
is atomoxetine a controlled substance?
nope
38
side effects of atomoxetine?
-gi* -decrease appetite* CNS: -dizziness -somnolence -modd swings -trouble sleeping
39
which CNS non stimulant can cause suicidal thoughts in kids?
atomoxetine
40
how do Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists work?
reduce sympathetic outflow from brain
41
2 alpha 2 adrenergic drugs to know:
Guafacine (BP med) | Clonidine (treats drug abuse)
42
what is Guafacine?
BP med used as ADHD non stimulant medication in class Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist
43
What is clonidine?
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist in ADHD Non stimulant category | -also used to treat drug abuse
44
Side effects of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist?
hypotension
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