medsurg > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The art and science of treating diseases, injuries and deformities using operation and instrumentation.

A

SURGERY

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2
Q

It involves the interaction among the patient, surgeon, anesthesia care provider (ACP), nurse, and other health care team members as needed.

A

Surgery

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3
Q

what is ACP?

A

anesthesia care provider

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4
Q

It is an important role of nurses to prepare patients prior to operations. Your primary roles as a nurse are educator, patient advocate and promoter of health.

A

Surgery

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5
Q

The preoperative period begins when the patient is scheduled for surgery and ends at the time of transfer to the surgical suite.

A

Surgery

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6
Q

a patient who is admitted to a hospital the day before or the day of surgery and requires hospitalization after surgery.

A

Inpatient

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7
Q

a patient who goes to the surgical area the day of the surgery and returns home on the same day (same-day surgery or SDS).

A

OUTPATIENT and AMBULATORY

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8
Q

what is SDS?

A

same-day surgery

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9
Q

Surgery may be performed for any of the following(4)

A

o Purposes
o Urgency of surgery
o Risk of surgery
o Extent of surgery

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10
Q

Performed to determine the origin and cause of a disorder or the cell type for cancer.

A

Diagnostics

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11
Q

Determination of the presence and extent of a pathologic condition.

A

Diagnostics

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12
Q

Example of Diagnostics (5)

A
  • Breast biopsy
  • Exploratory laparotomy
  • Arthroscopy
  • Lymph node biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
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13
Q

Performed to resolve a health problem by repairing or removing the cause.

A

Curative

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14
Q

Elimination or repair of a pathologic condition.

A

Curative

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15
Q

Example of Curative (3)

A
  • Cholecystectomy
  • Appendectomy
  • Hysterectomy
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16
Q

Replacing malfunctioning structures.

A

Transplant

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17
Q

Example of Transplant

A

Kidney/Heart/Liver transplant

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18
Q

Performed to improve a patient’s functional ability.

A

Restorative

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19
Q

Example of Restorative (2)

A
  • Total knee replacement
  • Finger reimplantation
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20
Q

Performed to relieve symptoms of a disease process but does not cure.

A

Palliative

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21
Q

Alleviation of symptoms without cure.

A

Palliative

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22
Q

Example of Palliative

A
  • Colostomy to bypass an inoperable bowel obstruction
  • Nerve root resection
  • Tumor debulking
  • Ileostomy
  • Rhizotomy
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23
Q

Performed primarily to alter or enhance personal appearance

A

Cosmetic Improvement

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24
Q

Example of Cosmetic Improvement (5)

A
  • Liposuction
  • Revision of scars
  • Rhinoplasty
  • Blepharoplasty
  • Breast reconstruction after a mastectomy
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25
Surgical examination to determine the nature or extent of a disease. With the advent of advanced diagnostic tests, exploration is less common because problems can be identified earlier and easier.
Exploration
26
Example of Exploration
Laparotomy
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Planned for correction of a nonacute problem.
Elective
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Example of Elective (4)
1. Cataract removal 2. Hernia repair 3. Total joint replacement 4. Hemorrhoidectomy
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Requires prompt intervention; may be life threatening if treatment is delayed more than 24-48 hours.
Urgent
30
Example of Urgent (5)
1. Intestinal/Bladder obstruction 2. Kidney or ureteral stones 3. Bone fracture 4. Eye injury 5. Acute cholecystitis
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Requires immediate intervention because of lifethreatening consequences.
Emergent
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Example of Emergent (5)
1. Gunshot or stab wound 2. Severe bleeding 3. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 4. Compound fracture 5. Appendectomy
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Only the most overtly affected areas involved in the surgery.
Simple
34
Example of Simple
Simple/ Partial mastectomy
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Surgery performed in a body cavity or body area through one or more endoscopes
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
36
Can correct problems, remove organs, take tissue for biopsy, re-route blood vessels and drainage systems
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
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It is a fast-growing and everchanging type of surgery.
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
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Example of Minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
1. Arthroscopy 2. Tubal ligation 3. Hysterectomy 4. Lung lobectomy 5. Coronary artery bypass 6. Cholecystectomy
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* Extensive surgery beyond the area obviously involved * It is directed at finding a root cause.
Radical
40
Example of Radical
* Radical prostatectomy * Radical hysterectomy
41
What is "excision or removal of" and give me an example of it
-ectomy example: Appendectomy
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What is "destruction of" and give me an example of it
-lysis example: Electrolysis
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What is "repair or suture of" and give me an example of it
-orrhaphy example: Herniorrhaphy
44
What is "looking into" and give me an example of it
-oscopy example: Endoscopy
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What is "creation of opening into" and give me an example of it
-ostomy example: Colostomy
46
What is "cutting into or incision of" and give me an example of it
-otomy example: Tracheotomy
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What is "repair or reconstruction of" and give me an example of it
-plasty example: Mammoplasty
48
What is "puncture a cavity to remove fluid" and give me an example of it
-centesis example: Amniocentesis
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What is "surgical suspension or fixation" and give me an example of it
-opexy example: Hysteropexy
50
What is "crushing or destroying" and give me an example of it
-otripsy example: Lithotripsy
51
What is "binding or fusing" and give me an example of it
-desis example: Pleurodesis
52
one of the utmost essential nursing actions done by the nurse who works in the physician’s office, the ambulatory surgery center, or the hospital preoperative area
Preoperative interview
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What are the Primary Purposes of PREOPERATIVE INTERVIEW
* obtain the patient health's information. * provide and clarify information about the planned surgery. * assess the patient's emotional state and readiness for surgery, including his or her expectations about the surgical outcomes.
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_______ increases the patient's comfort with the interview process and may help reduce the stress associated with the surgery and anesthesia.
Privacy
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what are the ESSENTIAL DATA ELEMENTS
1.Age 2.Use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit substances 3.Current drugs 4.Complementary or alternative practices 5.Medical history 6.Prior surgical procedures 7.Prior experiences 8.Autologous or directed blood donations 9.Allergies, including sensitivity to latex products 10.General health 11.Family history 12.Type of surgery planned 13.Patient’spsychosocial status
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* Identify support systems, including family, other caregivers, group and institutional structures, and religious and spiritual groups. * Define current degree of personal control, decision making, and independence. * Consider the impact of surgery and hospitalization and the possible effects on lifestyle. * Determine the presence of hope and anticipation of positive results.
Situational Changes
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- Identify specific areas and degree of anxiety and fears related to the surgery (e.g., pain). - Identify expectations of surgery, changes in current health status, effects on daily living, and sexual activity (if appropriate).
Concerns With the Unknown
58
- Identify current roles or relationships and view of self. - Determine perceived or potential changes in roles or relationships and their impact on body image.
Concerns With Body Image
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- Review previous surgical experiences, hospitalizations, and treatments. - Determine responses to those experiences (positive and negative). - Identify current perceptions of surgical procedure in relation to the above and information from others (e.g., a friend’s view of a personal surgical experience).
Past Experiences
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- Identify the amount and type of preoperative information the patient wants. - Assess understanding of the surgical procedure, including preparation, care, interventions, preoperative activities, restrictions, and expected outcomes. - Identify the accuracy of information the patient has received from others, including health care team, family, friends, and the media
Knowledge Deficit
61
Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications
a. Age b. Medications c. Medical History d. Health History e. Family History f. Prior Surgical Experiences
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Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications A. Age
* Older than 65 years
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Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications B. Medications
1) Antihypertensives 2) Tricyclic antidepressants 3) Anticoagulants 4) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 5) Immunosuppressivesp
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Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications C. Medical History
1. Decreased immunity 2.Diabetes 3. Pulmonary disease 4.Cardiac disease 5.Hemodynamic instability 6.Multi-system disease 7.Coagulation defect or disorder 8. Anemia 9.Dehydration 10.Infection 11. Hypertension 12.Hypotension 13.Any chronic disease
63
Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications D. Health History
1. Malnutrition or obesity 2. Drug, tobacco, alcohol, or illicit substance use or abuse 3.Altered coping ability 4. Herbal use
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Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications E. Health History
1. Malignant hyperthermia 2. Cancer 3. Bleeding disorder 4. Anesthesia reactions or complications
65
Factors that increase the Risk for Surgical Complications F. Prior Surgical Experiences
medsurg
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