Data about data
Metadata
It provides
information about the structure, format, and
constraints of the data in a database, making it
easier to manage and understand
Metadata
Systems used
before modern databases to store and manage
data.
TRADITIONAL FILE PROCESSING
Data was stored in separate, flat files, with
no centralized control or structured relationships
between data elements.
TRADITIONAL FILE PROCESSING
The same customer information might be stored
in multiple files, leading to inconsistencies if one
file is updated but another is not
Data Redundancy
Retrieving and combining data from different
files (e.g., linking customer purchases with their
contact details) is cumbersome and error-prone
Data Isolation
Making structural changes, such as adding a
new field to record customer preferences,
requires modifying each file separately
Lack of Flexibility
It is a type of database that organizes data into tables,
which are also known as relations.
Relational Database
Tables consist of rows (records) and columns
(attributes). Each row represents a single
record, and each column represents a property
of the record
Tables (Relations)
a unique identifier for each
record in a table. It ensures that each record can
be uniquely identified.
Primary Key
a column (or set of columns) in
one table that uniquely identifies a row of
another table. It establishes a relationship
between the two tables.
Foreign Key
is a database that is designed for use by an
individual or a small group of people rather than
a large organization. It helps users manage,
store, and retrieve personal information or data
efficiently
Personal Database
is designed for use by a small team or
workgroup rather than an entire organization. It
facilitates collaboration and data sharing among
team members who need to access and manage
shared information
Workgroup Database
is tailored for use within a specific department
of an organization, rather than across the entire
organization. It supports departmental
functions by managing data relevant to the
department’s operations
Department Database
is a comprehensive, centralized system designed
to support the data management needs of an
entire organization.
Enterprise Database
is the process of discovering
patterns, correlations, and insights from large
sets of data using statistical, mathematical, and
computational techniques
Data Mining
is software that provides an interface for
interacting with databases. It allows users to
create, manage, and manipulate databases
efficiently while ensuring data integrity, security,
and accessibility
Database Management System (DBMS)
is a centralized metadata management tool
used in database systems. It stores information
about the data within a database, including
definitions, structures, relationships, and
constraints.
Repository (Data Dictionary)
Also known as Data Dictionary
Repository
are software designed to perform specific tasks
or solve particular problems for users. They
interact with databases, operating systems, and
other software to carry out functions related to
business processes, personal tasks, or other
specialized activities
Application Programs
is the point of interaction between users and a
computer system, software application, or
device. It encompasses all the elements and
controls that allow users to interact with and
manipulate the software.
User Interface (UI)
are professionals responsible for the
management, maintenance, and security of
database systems. They ensure that databases
are efficiently organized, accessible, and
protected, supporting the needs of the
organization and its users
Database Administrators (DBAs)
are professionals who design, build, and
maintain software systems and applications that
meet specific user needs and business
requirements
System Developers
is a critical phase in the software development
lifecycle where the needs and expectations of
stakeholders are identified, documented, and
analyzed to guide the design and development
of a software system
Requirement Analysis
