Lesson 1 (MIDTERM)

Question 1

is a special variable that can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by referring to an index number or index name.

Answer 1

Array

Question 2

stores multiple values in one single variable.

Answer 2

Array

Question 3

Three ttypes of arrays

Answer 3

Indexed Arrays
Associative Arrays
Multidimensional Array

Question 4

Arrays with a numeric index

Answer 4

Indexed Arrays

Question 5

Arrays with named keys

Answer 5

Associative Arrays

Question 6

Arrays containing one or more arrays

Answer 6

Multidimensional

Question 7

its items can be of any data type.

Answer 7

Array

Question 8

The most common are strings and numbers (int, float), but ______ items can also be objects, functions or even arrays.

Answer 8

Arrays

Question 9

each item has an index number

Answer 9

Indexed Array

Question 10

By default, the first item has index 0, the second item has item 1, etc.

Answer 10

Indexed Array

Question 11

To access an array item, you can refer to the _____ _____.

Answer 11

index number

Question 12

To change the value of an array item, use the _____ _____

Answer 12

index number

Question 13

To loop through and print all the values of an indexed array, you could use a ________

Answer 13

foreach loop.

Question 14

are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them.

Answer 14

Associative Arrays

Question 15

To access an associative array item you can refer to the ______ ____

Answer 15

Key name

Question 16

To change the value of an associative array item, use the ____ _____.

Answer 16

Key name

Question 17

To loop through and print all the values of an associative array, you could use a ____ ____

Answer 17

foreach loop.

Question 18

were introduced in PHP 4.1.0, and are built-in variables that are
always available in all scopes.

Answer 18

SUPERGLOBALS

Question 19

Some predefined variables in PHP are “superglobals”, which means that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can access them from any function, class or file without having to do anything special.

Answer 19

SUPERGLOBALS

Question 20

What are the superglobal variables

Answer 20

$GLOBALS
$_SERVER
$_REQUEST
$_POST
$_GET
$_FILES
$_ENV
$_COOKIE
$_SESSION

Question 21

is an array that contains all global variables.

Answer 21

$GLOBALS

Question 22

are variables that can be accessed from any scope.

Answer 22

Global Variables

Question 23

Variables of the outermost scope are automatically ____ _____, and can be used by any scope, e.g. inside a function.

Answer 23

Global Variables

Question 24

To use a global variable inside a function you have to either define them as global with the global keyword, or refer to them by using the _______ syntax.

Answer 24

$GLOBALS

Question 25

is a PHP super global variable which holds information about headers, paths, and script locations.

Answer 25

$_SERVER

Question 26

What are the PHP $_SERVER ELEMENTS

Answer 26

$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] $_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE'] $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] $_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'] $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT'] $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET'] $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] $_SERVER['HTTPS'] $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] $_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST'] $_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT'] $_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN'] $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] $_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE'] $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED'] $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] $_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']

Question 27

Returns the filename of the currently executing script

Answer 27

$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']

Question 28

Returns the version of the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) the server is using

Answer 28

$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']

Question 29

Returns the IP address of the host server

Answer 29

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']

Question 30

Returns the name of the host server (such as www.w3schools.com)

Answer 30

$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']

Question 31

Returns the server identification string (such as Apache/2.2.24)

Answer 31

$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']

Question 32

Returns the name and revision of the information protocol (such as HTTP/1.1)

Answer 32

$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']

Question 33

Returns the request method used to access the page (such as POST)

Answer 33

$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']

Question 34

Returns the timestamp of the start of the request (such as 1377687496)

Answer 34

$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']

Question 35

Returns the query string if the page is accessed via a query string

Answer 35

$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']

Question 36

Returns the Accept header from the current request

Answer 36

$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']

Question 37

Returns the Accept_Charset header from the current request (such as utf-8,ISO-8859-1)

Answer 37

$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']

Question 38

Returns the Host header from the current request

Answer 38

$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']

Question 39

Returns the complete URL of the current page (not reliable because not all user-agents support it)

Answer 39

$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']

Question 40

Is the script queried through a secure HTTP protocol

Answer 40

$_SERVER['HTTPS']

Question 41

Returns the IP address from where the user is viewing the current page

Answer 41

$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']

Question 42

Returns the Host name from where the user is viewing the current page

Answer 42

$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST']

Question 43

Returns the port being used on the user's machine to communicate with the web server

Answer 43

$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']

Question 44

Returns the value given to the SERVER_ADMIN directive in the web server configuration file (if your script runs on a virtual host, it will be the value defined for that virtual host) (such as someone@w3schools.com)

Answer 44

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']

Question 45

Returns the port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication (such as 80)

Answer 45

$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']

Question 46

Returns the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages

Answer 46

$_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE']

Question 47

Returns the file system based path to the current script

Answer 47

$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']

Question 48

Returns the path of the current script

Answer 48

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']

Question 49

Returns the URI of the current page

Answer 49

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']

Question 50

The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to collect form-data.

Answer 50

PHP Form Handling

Question 51

When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method.

Answer 51

PHP Form Handling

Question 52

contains an array of variables received via the HTTP POST method.

Answer 52

$_POST

Question 53

There are two main ways to send variables via the HTTP Post method:

Answer 53

HTML forms JavaScript HTTP requests (AJAX)

Question 54

A query string is data added at the end of a URL. In the link below, everything after the ? sign is part of the query string:

Answer 54

$_GET

Question 55

is a PHP super global variable which contains submitted form data, and all cookie data.

Answer 55

$_REQUEST

Question 56

s an array containing data from $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE.

Answer 56

$_REQUEST

Question 57

requests are usually data submitted from an HTML form

Answer 57

POST

Question 58

requests can be form submissions as in the example above, with the method attribute of the HTML

element set to GET.

Answer 58

GET

Question 59

requests can also be data from a query string (information added after a URL address).

Answer 59

GET

Question 60

refers to the process of ascertaining if the data entered by the user in various form elements is acceptable for further processing.

Answer 60

Form Validation

Question 61

before its subsequent processing avoids possible exceptions and runtime errors.

Answer 61

Validation of data

Question 62

can be done both on the client-side and on the server-side. When the client submits the form, the form data is intercepted by the PHP script running on the server. Using various functions available in PHP, the server-side form validation can be done.

Answer 62

Validation

Question 63

Think ________when processing PHP forms

Answer 63

Security

Question 64

The new input controls as per the HTML5 specifications have in-built validation. For example an input element of the type ‘email’, even though it is a text field, is customized to accept a string that is according to email address protocol.

Answer 64

PHP Form Validation (Client-Side)

Question 65

takes place before the data is submitted to the server. The same thing is true with other input types such as URL, number, etc.

Answer 65

Validation

Question 66

the server-side with PHP comes into picture, either when the form data passes the client-side validation, or there’s no validation on the client side at all.

Answer 66

Validation