Why should we manage energy?
It is expensive and it is a scarce commodity.
How much does a household and a building consume in a percentage?
Building: 25% of total energy consumption.
Resdiential households: 45% of energy goes to water heating.
What is the difference between capital cost and a life cycle cost?
Most buildings should be designed to have low costs overtime and to be cheap.
What us the typical operational cost distribution?
- Energy = 40%
- Maintenance = 28%
- Tax= 15%
- Security and Cleaning = 12%
- Insurance = 5%
- Water = 2%
How can energy costs be saved?
- Design building correctly (orientation, use of walls, insulating materials, heat)
- Ensure that there is an efficient and cheap power usage (SANS 204-1, 2, 3 - DEPENDONG ON THE TYPE AND USAGE OF BUILDING)
- Ventilation
What are tariffs based on?
- Supply voltage
- Energy consumption
- Maximum demand
- Tme of use
- Connection fees
What are other levies that supply authorities may have?
- Connection fees
- Deposits
- Bulk services
- Street lighting
- Basic charges
Name the types of metering systems we have.
- Conventional
- Prepaid
*AMR-meter
What are the advantages and disadvantages of metering systems?
Advantages:
* Use is aware of consumption.
* System is more secure
* No meter reading needed
Disadvantages:
* Expensive
* Unreliable
How can you derive load factor correction when cutting the peaks and increasing consumption?
- Move the load: Use ripple system to send signals over power control devicces for balancing and controlling the grid.
- Loadshedding
How can you structure power consumption when using power factor correction?
- Use switching in and out capacitator banks.
- Use a continuous monitoring control system
How can you improve efficiency?
Use energy efficient equipment
What are the general energy saving measures?
- Use natural light
- Use solar energy powered systems
- Maintain the building
- Switch off appliances when not in use
- Reduce comfort levels
How do you audit energy?
- Register measurements
- Identify saving areas
- Make proposals
- Calculate cost advantage and budget
- Implement
What are the specific measures for building related stuff?
- Facade
- Lighting
- Heating and ventilation
- Geysers
What are the specific measures for operational related stuff?
- Housekeeping
- Effective operation
- Switching off lights not in use
- Repair leaking taps
- Lower hot temperature
