Lesson 11

Question 1

DISEASES AFFECTING RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN SWINE

(A,S,P,P,P,A,M)

Answer 1

🩸 LIST OF DISEASES

1. Atrophic Rhinitis
2. Swine Influenza
3. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
4. Pseudorabies
5. Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia (APP)
7. Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Question 2

Cause of Atrophic Rhinitis?

Answer 2

Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D co-infection with:

Bordetella bronchiseptica and/or porcine cytomegalovirus

Question 3

Cause of Swine Influenza

Answer 3

Orthomyxovirus

Question 4

Clinical Signs of Atrophic Rhinitis (enumerate)

Answer 4

Sneezing, nasal discharge, poor performance, weight loss, atrophy of nasal turbinates, shortening or deviation of the snout

Question 5

Pathogenesis of Atrophic Rhinitis (what infection leads to)

Answer 5

Necrosis/degeneration of cartilage and osteoblasts with increased bone resorption

Question 6

Transmission of Atrophic Rhinitis

Answer 6

Aerosols and ingestion, infection Early in life

Question 7

Mode of Transmission in SWINE INFLUENZA

Answer 7

Aerosol

Question 8

Enumerate the Complicating (Stress) Factors in swine influenza

Answer 8

1. Movement and mixing of pigs
2. Poor isolation/quarantine facilities
3. Temperature fluctuations
4. Overcrowding

Question 9

Enumerate the Clinical Signs of Swine Influenza

Answer 9

High fever

, anorexia,

nasal discharge,

puffy eyes,

labored breathing,

open-mouth breathing,

uncontrollable cough, abortions, temporary reduced fertility in breeding stock

Question 10

Enumerate the Preventive Measures for Swine Influenza

Answer 10

1. Vaccinations help but disease is still difficult to control
2. No specific treatment – mainly supportive
3. Avoid temperature extremes and drafts
4. AI (artificial insemination) helps limit spread
5. Use disinfectants and maintain good sanitation

Question 11

Cause of PRRS

PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

Answer 11

PRRS virus, an arterivirus

Question 12

Modes of Transmission of PRRS (enumerate)

Answer 12

Secretions (urine, milk, feces)

aerosol and semen

Question 13

Enumerate the Clinical Signs in Naïve Herds

Answer 13

1. Early farrowing (105–112 days; normal 114 days)
2. Stillbirths
3. Abortions with mummified fetuses
4. Weak neonates
5. Decreased thriftiness in weaned pigs
6. Increased nursery mortality

Question 14

Enumerate the Clinical Signs in Endemic PRRS (by age group)

Answer 14

Neonates: Respiratory distress (dyspnea, tachypnea most common), unthrifty, bacterial infections (scours, pneumonia)

Growers/Finishers: Decreased appetite, fever, unthrifty, increased respiratory problems (pneumonia)

Adults: Continued reproductive problems

Question 15

Enumerate the Preventive Measures for PRRS

Answer 15

1. No effective antiviral treatment – supportive care
2. Antibiotics to control secondary infections
3. Vaccines available
4. Avoid Modified Live Vaccine (MLV) in pregnant swine
5. Avoid mid-gestation vaccination (causes decreased live-born pigs, increased mummified fetuses)

Question 16

PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS-2 (PCV-2)

17. Cause of PCV-2 and Mode of Transmission

Answer 16

Circovirus Type 2 through aerosol

Question 18

Enumerate the Clinical Syndromes of PCV-2

Answer 18

1. Post-Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
2. Respiratory disease
3. Porcine Dermatitis Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS)
4. Reproductive failure

Question 19

PMWS usually affects pigs of what age?

(Under pcv 2)

Answer 19

4–12 weeks old

Question 20

Clinical signs of PMWS in PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS-2 (PCV-2)

Answer 20

Failure to thrive and gain weight, interstitial pneumonia, lymphadenitis/lymphadenopathy

Question 21

PCV-2 Respiratory Disease is often seen with what other pathogens? (enumerate)

Answer 21

Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus, PRRS, and Swine Influenza

Question 22

PCV-2 alone can cause what type of pneumonia?

Answer 22

Interstitial pneumonia with giant cells

Question 23

Enumerate the Prevention/Control of PCV-2

Answer 23

1. Vaccination
2. Good management practices
3. Control of other concurrent diseases

Question 24

ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA (APP)

25. Cause of APP

Answer 24

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Question 25

Enumerate the characteristics of Peracute and Acute Infections Of ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA (APP)

Answer 25

1. Outbreaks in groups of susceptible pigs 2. Death within 24–48 hours 3. Cough, cyanosis, high temperature, dyspnea, open-mouth breathing 4. Morbidity 20–30% 5. Mortality up to 100%

Question 26

2. Death within 24–48 hours 3. Cough, cyanosis, high temperature, dyspnea, open-mouth breathing 4. Morbidity 20–30% 5. Mortality up to 100%

Answer 26

*Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae*

Question 27

Enumerate the characteristics of Subacute and Chronic Infections in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 27

Subacute: Intermittent cough, anorexia, failure to gain weight Chronic: Intermittent cough, weight gain usually not affected, daily weight gain reduced by 30%

Question 28

Enumerate Preventive Measures for APP

Answer 28

1. AI 2. Purchase breeding stock from farms with good health programs 3. Isolation of new arrivals 4. Partial depopulation for repeated outbreaks 5. Use of vaccines (autogenous may help)

Question 29

Cause of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia and mode of transmission?

Answer 29

= Mycoplasma hyorhinis Modes of Transmission = Aerosol, **especially sow to neonatal piglets**

Question 30

*Mycoplasma hyorhinis* Enumerate the Clinical Signs

Answer 30

Coughing, dyspnea, anorexia, decreased growth, **high fever (if secondary infection)**

Question 31

Enumerate the Preventive Measures in Mycoplasmal Pneumoniae

Answer 31

1. Good management practices 2. Difficult to maintain Mycoplasma-free herds (can spread long distances, carrier animals) 3. SEW (Segregated Early Weaning) / AI-AO (All-In, All-Out) 4. Good housing practices 5. Avoid overcrowding 6. Reduce drafts 7. Provide good ventilation 8. Vaccination (reduces impact but doesn’t prevent infection)

Question 32

1. Good management practices 2. Difficult to maintain Mycoplasma-free herds (can spread long distances, carrier animals) 3. SEW (Segregated Early Weaning) / AI-AO (All-In, All-Out) 4. Good housing practices 5. Avoid overcrowding 6. Reduce drafts 7. Provide good ventilation 8. Vaccination (reduces impact but doesn’t prevent infection)

Answer 32

Mycoplasmal pneumoniae

Question 33

PSEUDORABIES VIRUS (PRV) 33. Cause of Pseudorabies

Answer 33

Herpesvirus Type 1

Question 34

Modes of Transmission on PSEUDORABIES VIRUS (PRV)

Answer 34

Aerosol or fomites via secretions (saliva or nasal)

Question 35

Neonate/Weanling: Fever, respiratory disease (rhinitis, pneumonia), ataxia (sitting dog posture), seizures (meningoencephalitis) Grower/Finisher: Fever, respiratory disease, abortion, early embryonic absorption (<30 days gestation)

Answer 35

PSEUDORABIES VIRUS (PRV)

Question 36

Enumerate the Clinical Signs by Age Group: PSEUDORABIES VIRUS (PRV)

Answer 36

Neonate/Weanling: Fever, respiratory disease (rhinitis, pneumonia), ataxia (sitting dog posture), seizures (meningoencephalitis) Grower/Finisher: Fever, respiratory disease, abortion, early embryonic absorption (<30 days gestation)

Question 37

Enumerate the Preventive Measures for Pseudorabies

Answer 37

1. Recognize virus latency (shed in stress) 2. SEW/AI-AO 3. Good management practices 4. PRV vaccination