Ionic bonds
Cations of metallic elements and anions of nonmetals
Lattice energy
Energy released when free, gas phase ions combine to form one mole of a crystalline solid
Covalent bonds
Created by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons
Metallic bonds
Nuclei of metal atoms surrounded by a sea of shared electrons
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Dipole
Pair of oppositely charged poles separated by a distance
Electronegativity
An atom’s tendency to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond
Electronegative trends: periods
Increases left to righ
Electronegative trends: groups
Decreases top to bottom