What does ◌ represent in pitch accent?
Low pitch
What does ◉ represent in pitch accent?
High pitch
What does ↘ represent in pitch accent?
Downstep (pitch drops after this mora)
What is Heiban (平板) in pitch accent?
Flat pattern: ◌◉◉◉…
What is Nakadaka (中高) in pitch accent?
Mid-high pattern: ◌◉↘◌
What is Atamadaka (頭高) in pitch accent?
Head-high pattern: ◉↘◌◌
What does 集める (あつめ↘る) mean?
To collect; to gather
Example: 切手を集めるのが趣味です。Kitte wo atsumeru no ga shumi desu. (Collecting stamps is my hobby.)
What does 生まれる (うまれる) mean?
To be born
Example: 弟は東京で生まれました。Otouto wa Toukyou de umaremashita. (My younger brother was born in Tokyo.)
What does 変える (かえる) mean? LHH
To change (X into Y)
Example: 髪の色を変えたいです。Kami no iro wo kaetai desu. (I want to change my hair color.)
What does 計画を立てる (けいかく を たてる) mean?
To make a plan
Example: 夏休みの計画を立てましょう。Natsuyasumi no keikaku wo tatemashou. (Let’s make plans for summer vacation.)
いなくなる LHHHL
To disappear [person/animal]
Example: 猫が突然いなくなった。Neko ga totsuzen inaku natta. (The cat suddenly disappeared.)
なくなる LHHH
To disappear [thing]
Example: 財布がなくなってしまった。Saifu ga nakunatte shimatta. (My wallet has disappeared.)
動く (うご↘く) (LHL)
(Something/someone) moves; functions
Example: この機械は動きません。Kono kikai wa ugokimasen. (This machine doesn’t work.)
What does お金をおろす (おかね を おろす) mean?
To withdraw money
Example: ATMでお金をおろしました。ATM de okane wo oroshimashita. (I withdrew money from the ATM.)
What does 落ち込む (おちこ↘む) mean?
To get depressed; to feel down
Example: 試験に失敗して落ち込んでいる。Shiken ni shippai shite ochikonde iru. (I’m feeling down because I failed the exam.)
What does 返す (かえ↘す) mean?
To return; to give back
Example: 図書館に本を返すのを忘れた。Toshokan ni hon wo kaesu no wo wasureta. (I forgot to return the book to the library.)
What does 決まる (きまる) mean?
To be decided
Example: 来年の予定がやっと決まった。Rainen no yotei ga yatto kimatta. (Next year’s schedule has finally been decided.)
What does 困る (こま↘る) mean?
To be in trouble; to have a hard time
Example: お金がなくて困っています。Okane ga nakute komatte imasu. (I’m in trouble because I don’t have money.)
What does 宝くじに当たる (たからくじ に あたる) mean?
To win a lottery
Example: 宝くじに当たる夢を見た。Takarakuji ni ataru yume wo mita. (I had a dream that I won the lottery.)
What does 楽しむ (たのし↘む) mean?
To enjoy
Example: 友達と映画を楽しみました。Tomodachi to eiga wo tanoshimimashita. (I enjoyed the movie with my friends.)
What does 違う (ちがう) mean?
(X is) different (from Y)
Example: この答えは間違っている、違う。Kono kotae wa machigatte iru, chigau. (This answer is wrong, it’s different.)
What does 付き合う (つきあう) mean?
To go out; to date
Example: 彼女と三年間付き合っています。Kanojo to sannen-kan tsukiatte imasu. (I’ve been dating my girlfriend for three years.)
What does 飛ぶ (と↘ぶ) mean?
To fly; to jump
Example: 鳥が空を飛んでいる。Tori ga sora wo tonde iru. (Birds are flying in the sky.)
What does 仲良くなる (なかよく なる) mean?
To become good friends
Example: クラスメートと仲良くなりたい。Kurasu meeto to nakayoku naritai. (I want to become good friends with my classmates.)