Lesson 3

Question 1

5 Learning Theories

Answer 1

Behaviorist Learning Theory
Cognitive
Social
Psychodynamic
Humanistic

Question 2

View learning as a product of the stimulus conditions and the responses that follow.
Closely observe responses and then manipulate the environment to bring about the inteded change.

Answer 2

Behaviorist Learning Theory

Question 3

Based on respondent and operant conditioning procedures

Answer 3

Behaviorist Learning Theory

Question 4

Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning. Emphasizes the importance of stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process.
A neutral stimulus is paired witb a naturally occurring unconditioned or unlearned stimulus and unconditioned response

Answer 4

Respondent Conditioning

Question 5

Operant Conditioning is developed by?

Answer 5

Skinner

Question 6

Focuses on the behavior of the organism and the reinforcement that occurs after the response

Answer 6

Operant Conditioning

Question 7

A stimulus or event applied after a response that strengthens the probability that the response will be performed again

Answer 7

Reinforcer

Question 8

Application of a pleasant stimulus

Answer 8

Positive reinforcement

Question 9

A pleasant stimulus is applied following an organisms response

Answer 9

Reward conditioning

Question 10

Removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus

Answer 10

Negative reinforcement

Question 11

An an aversive stimulus is applied, the organism makes a response that causes the unpleasant stimulus to cease

Answer 11

Escape conditioning

Question 12

An aversive stimulus is anticipated by the organism, who makes a response to avoid the unpleasant event

Answer 12

Avoidance conditioning

Question 13

To increase the probability of a response

Answer 13

Positive reinforcement and Negative reinforcement

Question 14

To decrease or extinguish the probability of a response

Answer 14

Nonreinforcement and Punishment

Question 15

An organisms conditioned response is not followed by any kind of reinforcement

Answer 15

Nonreinforcement

Question 16

Following a response, an aversive stimulus is applied which the organism cannot escape or avoid

Answer 16

Punishment

Question 17

Stress the importance of what goes on “inside” the learner

Answer 17

Cognitive Learning Theory

Question 18

Perspectives in Cognitive Learning Theory

Answer 18

Gestalt
Information processing
Cognitive development
Social constructivism
Social cognition

Question 19

Configuration or patterned organization of cognitive elements.
Each person perceives, interprets, and responds to any situation in his or her own way.
What perspective is this?

Answer 19

Gestalt Perspective

Question 20

Emphasizes thinking process: though, reasoning, the way information is encountered and stored, and memory functioning.
Helpful for assessing problems in acquiring, remembering, and recalling information.
What perspective is this?

Answer 20

Information Processing Perspective

Question 21

Focuses on qualitative changes in perceiving, thinking, and reasoning as individuals grow and mature.
Learning is a developmental, sequental, and active process that transpires as the child interacts with the environment, makes “discoveries” about how the world operates and interprets these discoveries in keeping with what she knows.
what perspective is this?

Answer 21

Cognitive Development perspective

Question 22

The learning process is influenced strongly by culture.
Effective learning occurs through social interaction, collaboration, and negotiation.
what perspective is this?

Answer 22

Social Constructivism Perspective

Question 23

Highlights the influence of social factors on perception, thought and motivation.
Emphasize the need to consider the dynamics of the social environment and groups on both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior
what perspective is this?

Answer 23

Social Cognition Perspective

Question 24

Much of learning occurs by observation —watching other people and discerning what happens to them

Answer 24

Social Learning Theory

Question 25

Viewed social learning as a mixture of behaviorist and psychodynamic influences

Answer 25

Miller and Dollard (1941)

Question 26

Credited with outlining the behaviorist, cognitive, and social cognition dimensions of the theory

Answer 26

Bandura

Question 27

Theory of motivation stressing emotions rather than cognition and responses. Emphasizes the importance of conscious and unconsscious forces in guiding behavior

Answer 27

Psychodynamic Learning Theory

Question 28

Motivation is derived from each persons needs. Each individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way. Transfer of learning is facilitated by curiosity, a positive self concept and open situations.

Answer 28

Humanistic Learning Theory

Question 29

Behaviorist: Learning Procedure Assumption about Learner Sources of Motivation Transfer of learning

Answer 29

To change behavior, change the environment Passive, reactive learner responds to environmental condition Drive Reduction Practice

Question 30

Cognitive: Learning Procedure Assumption about Learner Sources of Motivation Transfer of learning

Answer 30

To change behavior, change cognitions Active learner determines patterning of experiences Goals, Expectation, Disequilibrium Mental and Physical Activity

Question 31

Social Learning: Learning Procedure Assumption about Learner Sources of Motivation Transfer of learning

Answer 31

To change behavior, Change role models, perceived reinforcement and the learners self regulating mechanism Active learner observes others and regulates decision to reproduce actions Socialization experiences, role models, and self reactive influeces Similarity of setting and role models behavior

Question 32

Psychodynamic: Learning Procedure Assumption about Learner Sources of Motivation Transfer of learning

Answer 32

To change behavior, change interpretations and make unconscious motivations conscious Active learners lifestyle, past experiences, and current emotional conflicts Pleasure principle and reality principle Imbalance Personality conflict, resistance, and tranference

Question 33

Humanistic: Learning Procedure Assumption about Learner Sources of Motivation Transfer of learning

Answer 33

To change behavior, change feelings, self concept, and needs Active learner attempts to actualize potential for positive self growth and confirm self concept Needs, desire for positive self growth and cofirmation of self concept positive or negative feelings about self

Question 34

Types Of Learning

Answer 34

Signal Learning Stimulus response Learning Chaining Verbal Association Discrimination Learning Concept Learning Rule Learning Problem Solving

Question 35

Simplest level of learning The person develops a general or diffused reaction stimulus

Answer 35

Signal Learning

Question 36

Involves developing a voluntary response to a specific stimulus or a combination of stimuli

Answer 36

Stimulus-Response Learning

Question 37

The acquisition of series of related conditioned responses or stimulus-response connections

Answer 37

Chaining

Question 38

A type of chaining and is easily recognized in the process of learning medical terminologies

Answer 38

Verbal Association

Question 39

A great deal can be learned through forming large numbers of stimulus-response or verbal chains. To learn and retain large number of chains, the person has to be able to criminate among them

Answer 39

Discrimination Learning

Question 40

Learning how to classify stimuli into groups represented by a common concept

Answer 40

Concept Learning

Question 41

Considered a chain of concepts or a relationship between concepts

Answer 41

Rule Learning

Question 42

To solve problems, the learner must have a clear idea of the problem or goal being sought and must be able to recall and apply previously learned rules that relate to the situation

Answer 42

Problem Solving