Lesson 3: Documentation Styles

Question 1

• A standard approach to the citation
  of sources that the author of a paper
  has consulted, abstracted, or quoted
  from
• Prescribes methods for citing
  references within the text, providing
  a list of works cited at the end of the
  paper, and even formatting headings
  and margins

Answer 1

Documentation Styles

Question 2

What is the Significance of Documentation Styles?

Answer 2

• It allows you to give credit for
  secondary sources you have used in
  writing your paper.
• Citing sources not only gives credit
  where it is due, but also allows your
  reader to locate the sources you have
  consulted.
• In short, the reader of your paper
  must be able to use the information
  you provide, both in the text and in
  appended list(s), to duplicate the
  research you have done.

Question 3

• Direct quotations
• Paraphrases and summaries
• Information and ideas that are not common knowledge or
  are not available in a standard reference work
• Any borrowed material that might appear to be your own if
  there were no citation

Answer 3

What do I need to document?

Question 4

✓ The requirements of the particular
course;
✓ The standard for the discipline in
which you are studying; or
✓ Your individual preference.

Answer 4

Which style should I use?

Question 5

▪ A system used by researchers in
the fields of natural sciences and
social sciences
▪ The use of this style requires less space and time.
▪ More researchers nowadays, regardless of their area of
concentration, prefer using this style of documentation.

Answer 5

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)

Question 6

➢ Text Citation
Enclosed in parentheses and
found in the body of the text
➢ Reference List
Found at the end part of the
book
✓ APA system gives only brief information in the text citation but
gives full bibliographical details in the reference list.

Answer 6

Two Essential Parts of APA Documentation

Question 7

▪ A system used by researchers in
the fields of Literature, History,
and Arts
▪ It gives bibliographic citations in notes that correspond
to reference numbers in the body of the paper.
▪ These notes are called footnotes and endnotes.

Answer 7

MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)

Question 8

Notes that are printed at
the bottom of the page

Answer 8

➢ Footnotes

Question 9

Notes that appear at the
end of the document

Answer 9

➢ Endnotes

Question 10

does
not require you to make
bibliography because the
endnotes can already give you
full bibliographical details.
However, to help readers locate
the source of the data, these
two - notes and bibliography -
must appear in your paper.

Answer 10

▪ The MLA documentation