LESSON 4: D4 - Prokaryotes

Question 1

What Domians that hold organisims are made up of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Domain Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

Do Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What are the similarites of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 3

-Have DNA
-Have ribosomes
-Have cytoplasma
-Have cell membrane

Question 4

What are the differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 4

-More complex (Eukaryotes)

• Eukaryotes are larger

-Eukaryotes have a nucules

-Prokaryotes have a cell wall

Question 5

Can prokaryotes live anywhere?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Why are porkaryotes hard to collect?

Answer 6

Because of the extreme enviroments they live in

Question 7

Why are Prokaryotes important?

Answer 7

-Involved in nutirent cycling
-Production of vitamins
-Commerical uses (i.e yougurts, cheese, anti-bodies)

Question 8

How many seperate groups does Eubacteria (Bacteria) have and how many are important?

Answer 8

It has more than 12 seperate groups amd 6 are considrd important

Question 9

What are the general charcters of Bacteria?

Answer 9

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
  -Cytoplasma
  -Ribosomes
  -Often has a pili or flagelle for movment (looks like a tail)
  -Single looped
  chromosome(found in the nucleoid)

Question 10

What is often found in the cytoplasma of bacteria?

Answer 10

Plasmids

Question 11

What are plasmids?

Answer 11

• small loop of DNA with additonal genes
• Not essential genes but can be helpful

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

Sometimes bacteria can be surrounded by a sticy capsule (barrier)

Answer 12

TRUE
(Helps prevent water loss, resist temperatures and keep out antibiotic viruses)

Question 13

Round shaped bacteria name?

Answer 13

Coccus

Question 14

Rod shaped bacteria name?

Answer 14

Bacillus

Question 15

Spiral shaped bacteria name?

Answer 15

Spirilla

Question 16

Bacteria that comes in pairs are called?

Answer 16

Diplo

Question 17

Bacteria in chains are called?

Answer 17

Strepto

Question 18

Bacteria in clusters are called?

Answer 18

Staphilo

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE
Some bacteria are autotrophs and some hetrotrophs?

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

What process do bacteria go through in order to multiply?

Answer 20

Binary fissions

Question 21

Why is it important to finish off anti-biotics that have been prescribed for a certain duration of use?

Answer 21

• One can become anti-botic resistant
• Remaing bacteria will remember the medication and fight it off

-If the illness was to occur aagain then it wouldn’t work agaisnt the illness

Question 22

What do Marcophage do in our immune system?

Answer 22

• They swallow bacteria and trap it in its membrane

-Bacteria is broken down by enzyems and is killed

-Cause inflimation so that fughting off the infection is easier

Question 23

What Neutrophils do in our immune system?

Answer 23

• Come into play when Marcophage is in distress

-Very reckless and kill eveything, including healhty cells

• Generate barriers that kill and trap bacteria

-Kill themselves after a while

Question 24

What does the Dendritic cell do for our immune system?

Answer 24

• Takes parts of the intruder and presents parts on outer layer

-From there decides if it wants anti-virus forces or bacteria forces (we will use bacteria in this example)

Question 25

What do Anit-bacterial cells do in the immune system?

Answer 25

-Anti bacterial cells move to lymp nodes -Helper T cells are activated and find a match with the dendrtitic cells outer kayer parts, helper T cells then duplicate , some become memory T cells

Question 26

What do B cells do in the immune system?

Answer 26

- Replicate rapdily and work hard to fight agaisnt bacteria - Die from exhsuation - B cells produce anti-bodies which bind to the surface of teh intruder

Question 27

What is E.coli

Answer 27

- There are harmless strains that are found in our guts -Harmful strains can cause infections, serious urinary probelms which can be caused by food poisoing

Question 28

What is Shigella dysenteriae?

Answer 28

- Stomach ache - High contaigous -fever,cramos, diarrehea

Question 29

What is unquie about Archeaea's buildup

Answer 29

- Unique gentic code - Cell wall and memebrane have unquie chemical makeup

Question 30

Similarties between bacteria and archaea?

Answer 30

-Unicelluar -Prokaryotic -Gentic material -Ribosomes -Cytoplasma -Can be autotrophs and hetrotrops -Binary fissions

Question 31

Differences between bacteria and archaea?

Answer 31

- Membrane structure. Archea have a monolipid layer instead of a bilid layer - Has unique cell wall. They do not have pipdoglycan -Some differences in gentics (i.e entry points)