- Decreases angle at a joint
flexion
- Increases angle of a joint
extension
- increases angle beyond anatomical position
hyperextension
- distal end of extremity inscribes a cone
circumduction
- moves a body part toward the midline
adduction
- moves body part away from the midline
abduction
- revolves a part about the longitudinal axis
rotation
- turns plantar surface away from midline
eversion
- sole of foot downward (tiptoe)
plantar flexion
- sole of foot upward
dorsiflexion
- thumb is brought to touch or to oppose a finger pad of the extended finger
opposition
- thumb is brought back to anatomical position (dropping an object)
reposition
- forward movement
protraction
- backward movement
rectraction
- lowering of body part
depression
- raising of body part
elevation
any break in the continuity of a bone
fracture
disease wherein there is loss of bone mass due to acceleration in the rate of bone
resorption and slowing down in rate of bone formation
osteoporosis
inflammation and infection of the bone usually caused by a bacteria
osteomyelitis
caused by widening of the eplphyseal growth plates in childhood
usually seen in children caused by deficiency in Vitamin D
characterized by abnormal bone formation
“bowlegs”
rickets
adult form of Ricketts
also caused by lack of Vitamin D and calcium
osteomalacia
lateral curvature of spine
scoliosis
inflammation of joints
arthritis
increased serum Ca level
normal 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
hypercalcemia
