What is the typical size of prokaryotic cells?
Small (0.1-5ųm).
What is the typical size of eukaryotic cells?
Larger (10-100ųm).
Do prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus?
No, DNA is free in the cytoplasm (nucleoid).
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
Inside the nucleus.
What organelles are present in prokaryotic cells?
None, only ribosomes.
What organelles are present in eukaryotic cells?
Many membrane-bound organelles (e.g mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus).
What type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?
80S ribosomes.
Do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall?
Yes, present in most species.
Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall?
Present in plant cells and fungi, but not in animal cells.
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
By binary fission.
How do eukaryotic cells divide?
By mitosis or meiosis.
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.
E. Coli or Staphylococcus.
Give examples of eukaryotic cells.
Human skin, blood cells, sperm cells and hair cells.
What structures and organelles are shared between many eukaryotic cell types?
Many organelles and structural components.
How are eukaryotic cells adapted to survive?
They adapt to survive in diverse physiological capacities.
What can change within eukaryotic cells to support survival?
Cellular machinery.
Why are differences in eukaryotic cell processes important in pharmacologically?
As differences allow processes to be singled out and targeted with drugs.
What defines the cell surface?
The plasma membrane.
Why is the plasma membrane impermeable to large molecules?
To control the exchange between cytosol and extracellular fluid.
What type of permeability does the plasma membrane have?
Selectively permeable to small molecules.
What does the plasma membrane maintain to support biological activity?
Biochemical constraints (e.g glycolysis, ion gradients).
What processes depend on ion concentration gradients across the plasma membrane?
Nerve firing, muscle contraction, release of secretory products (e.g insulin).
What is the plasma membrane made of?
Phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol.
