Lesson Plan #98

Question 1

Stopping of blood clotting

• Process involving coagulation of blood to prevent ++ bleeding d/t vascular injury
• Involves the conversion of inactive substances to active ones

Answer 1

Hemostasis

Question 2

• Part of hemostasis

- Describes clotting of plasma proteins (specifically fibrinogen)

Answer 2

Coagulation

Question 3

• Protein produced by the liver
• Required in hemostasis (clotting protein)
• Soluble protein
• Inactive form
• Must be activated by thrombin (enzyme) & converted to fibrin to form a clot

Answer 3

Fibrinogen

Question 4

• Activated form of fibrinogen

- Forms insoluble blood clot

Answer 4

Fibrin

Question 5

• Source: bone marrow
• Differentiation of platelets regulated by Thrombopoietin (liver & kidneys)
• Thrombocytes originate from hemocytoblasts

Answer 5

Thrombocytes

Question 6

Production of platelets (4 stages)

Answer 6

• hemocytoblast
• megakaryoblast
• megakaryocytes
• thrombocytes

Question 7

3 phases of hemostasis

Answer 7

• Vascular spasm
• Platelet plug formation
• Coagulation

Question 8

Vasoconstriction of injuries bv’s decrease BF & helps slow bleeding

Answer 8

Vascular spasm

Question 9

Platelet aggregation seals break in bv wall

Answer 9

Platelet plug formation

Question 10

Blood changed from liquid to gel (blood clot)

Answer 10

Coagulation

Question 11

Blood clotting is triggered by vascular injury by 2 pathways

Answer 11

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Question 12

Pathways:

• When damage to bv’s expose collagen fibers- impale circulating platelets
• Injured platelets release PF3- activates other factors

Answer 12

Intrinsic pathways

Question 13

Pathways:

• When damage to tissues releases tissue factor (TF)
• Shortcut- bypasses several rxns found in intrinsic pathways

Answer 13

Extrinsic pathway

Question 14

A process in which blood clots are slowly dissolved

Answer 14

Fibrinolysis

Question 15

Purpose of fibrinolysis

Answer 15

-Removal of blood clots when bv healing is complete
-Removes small, unnecessary clots that form w/in bv’s
.clean-up mechanism

Question 16

• Clot attached to walls of a bv

- Partially or completely block a bv

Answer 16

Thrombus (thrombi)

Question 17

• A freely moving particle (ex.thrombus) that has broken free
• Fat emboli (bone marrow), air emboli (lungs) & amniotic fluid emboli (during childbirth)
• Travel in blood stream & may lodge in a small bv or dissolve naturally

Answer 17

Embolus (emboli)

Question 18

• Associated w/ unnecessary intravascular blood clotting
• Conditions predisposing to thrombus formation:
• severe burns: loss of plasma proteins
• inflammation: release of coagulating factors

Answer 18

Thromboembolytic disorder

Question 19

• Severe decrease in no. Of circulating platelets
• insufficient for hemostasis
• Results in:
• Spontaneous bleeding
• Appearance of petechiae on skin (marks on skin/acne)

Answer 19

Thrombocytopenia

Question 20

Bleeding d/t impaired liver fxn:
Healthy liver?
&
Unhealthy liver?

Answer 20

Healthy liver:
-produces clotting factors that activate coagulation

Unhealthy liver:

• Deficient production of clotting factors
• Can lead to severe bleeding

Question 21

Deficient Vt.K leads to?

Answer 21

• Prolonged clotting times

- Easy bruising

Question 22

• Group of hereditary disorders
• Clotting factors defective or absent (various types)
• No cure
• May be medically managed
• S/S:
• Prolonged bleeding
• Bruising
• Jt pain

Answer 22

Hemophilia

Question 23

Thromboembolytic disorder vs Bleeding disorder

Answer 23

Throm:

• BF obstruction causes ischemia & hypoxia
• May lead to necrosis

Bleeding:
-++ blood loss leads to hypovolemic shock