Lessons 3-4

Question 1

how many skeletal muscles in the body

Answer 1

700 skeletal muscles

Question 2

what is aponeurosis

Answer 2

a broad flat sheet (like a tendon) of fascia (flat broad sheet fibrous ct) that connects with muscle to muscle ot muscle to bone

Question 3

what is the smallest unit of muscle

Answer 3

myofilbril (contain filiment of actin and myosin)

Question 4

a group of myofibril encased in a facsial sleeve is called?

What is the facsial sleeve called

Answer 4

myofibril is incased in endomysium to create myofiber

Question 5

what are facsicles

Answer 5

they are bundels of myofibres encased in perimysium

Question 6

facsicles encased in epimysium are what?

Answer 6

Skeletal muscle

Question 7

function of muscle

Answer 7

motion ( muscles cross one or two joints)
maintain posture / stabilize
venous flow
thermogenesis
register volume of internal organs

Question 8

Fibre arrangment in muscle

longitudinal

Answer 8

long strap like fibres that run along (parallel) to an axis

EXAMPLE: Sartorius, rectus abdominus

Question 9

quadrate

Answer 9

flat four sided run parallel to the line of pull
pronator quadratus, rhomboids

Question 10

triangular

Answer 10

flat fan shaped muscles thats fibres radiate from a narrow attachment to a broad attachment

pectoralis major

Question 11

circular

Answer 11

sphicter muscles that surround an opening
orbicularis oris

Question 12

fusiform

Answer 12

spindal shaped muscle (like bisep) tapered at both end

Brachialia

Question 13

penniform

Answer 13

3 types
unipenniform - one tendon
bipenniform
multipenniform

Question 14

Flexation

Answer 14

decreases the angle between the bones
Example - bisep flexing antebrachial towards brachial (sagital plane of motion)

Question 15

extention

Answer 15

increasing the angle between the bone
bisep extending antebrachial away from brachial

Question 16

abduction

Answer 16

movement away from midline

Question 17

adduction

Answer 17

movement toward mindline

Question 18

Medial (internal) rotation
lateral (eternal) rotation

Answer 18

anterior surface of bone towards midline
posterior surface of bone towards midline

Question 19

elevation and depression

Answer 19

movement superior and inferior
In jaw and sholder(humeral head)

Question 20

What is the cental nervous system

Answer 20

CNS - Brain and spinal cord
Integrates

Question 21

What is the PNS

Answer 21

Peripheral nervous system
carring sensory input to the CNS (Afferent Arriving at CNS)
and carry motor impulses from the CNS (Efferent Exiting)

Question 22

endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

Answer 22

around bundle of axon to make a facscicle, around bundle of facsicle making a nerve

Question 23

Spinal (meningeal) Sheaths

Answer 23

1. dura mater - tough, thic covering of spinal cord, brain stem brain
2. arachnoid mater - weblike layer laminted closely with dura mater , has subarachnoid space withcerebrospinal fluid
3. pia mater - soft innermost layer, thin associalted with nerves cord and brain

Question 24

Anterior root

Answer 24

carry moter function only
efferent
originate from anterior aspect of the cord

Question 25

posterior root

Answer 25

originates from poseterior aspect of the cord recieves afferent only assosciated with dorsal (posterior) root ganglion (sensory cell bodies) ## Footnote DAVE ( Dorsal = Afferent Venteal = Efferent)

Question 26

Anterior and posterior primary rami

Answer 26

spinal nerves travel through the IVF (intervertebral foramen) and split into anterior primary rami wich innervates limps and lateral and vental surface of trunk posterior primary rami innervates deep muscles and skin of the dorsal surfaces and trunk third branch recurrent meningeal nerve re-enters IVF

Question 27

Number of spinal nerves pairs

Answer 27

Cervical = 8 thoracic = 12 lumbar = 5 sacral = 5 cox = 1

Question 28

Dermatomes

Answer 28

sensation and pattern of innervation / area of skin affected by single nerve

Question 29

Cranial Nerves

Answer 29

Most anterior 1 olfactory 2 optic 3 oculomotor 4 trochlear 5 trigeminal 6 abducens 7 facial 8 vestibulocochlear 9 glossopharyngeal 10 vagus 11 accessory 12 hypoglossal most posterior

Question 30

Nerve Plexus

Answer 30

Brachial, cervical, lumbar sacral and coccygeal overlap of innervation so that injury of root does not result in complete loss of function ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMI

Question 31

Arteries veins capillaries

Answer 31

arteries - blood away from heart veins - blood to heart capillaries - connect veins and arteries, gass and nutrient exchange