HEMA 1 > Leukemia > Flashcards

Leukemia Flashcards

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1
Q

According to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires how many percent of blast in the bone marrow or blood?

A

≥30%

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2
Q

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of leukemia, what is the minimum percentage of myeloid blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow required to diagnose acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

A

≥20%

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3
Q

Cytochemical stains for Leukemia diagnosis

A

MPO
SBB

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4
Q

MPO can be found in the primary granules of?

A

neutrophils
eosinophils

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5
Q

Stain used in differentiating blasts of AML from those ALL

A

MPO

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6
Q

POSITIVE Peroxidase stain rules out ?

A

ALL

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7
Q

it stains sterols, neutral fats, phospholipids

A

SBB

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8
Q

The most sensitive stain for granulocytic precursors

A

SBB

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9
Q

MOST COMMON form of childhood leukemia

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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10
Q

ALL CYTOCHEMICAL STAIN RESULT

A

MPO: NEG
SBB: NEG

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11
Q

Also known as Burkitt-type leukemia

A

ALL L3

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12
Q

ALL L1 CELL SIZE

A

homogenous population of small blasts

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13
Q

ALL L2 CELL SIZE

A

heterogenous population of large blasts

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14
Q

ALL L13 CELL SIZE

A

homogenous population of large blasts (with nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuoles)

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15
Q

positve ALL in PAS

A

L1
L2

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16
Q

Positive ALL in MGP

A

L3

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17
Q

Always posiitve ALL in ORO

A

L3

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18
Q

Positive E rosettes

A

T ALL

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19
Q

Positive in Surface Ig

A

B ALL

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20
Q

Positive in Serum anti-ALL

A

NONE

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21
Q

Most common type of leukemia in the elderly

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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22
Q

CLL has increased number of smudge cells and_____ in pbs

A

rieder cell

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23
Q

AML, with minimal differentiation

24
Q

AML, without maturation, May demonstrate Auer rods (linear projections of primary granules)

25
AML, with maturation
M2
26
- Most common subtype of AML
M2
27
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
M3
28
Cells have the characteristic “butterfly", “bowtie”, or “apple core” nucleI
M3V: “APL, microgranular variant”
29
Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (AMML)
M4
30
2nd most common subtype of AML
M4
31
AMML, with increased marrow eosinophils
M4E
32
M4 is also known as
Naegeli Monocytic Leukemia
33
Acute Monocytic Leukemia
M5
34
A.k.a Schilling leukemia
M5
35
Acute Erythroleukemia
M6
36
M6 a.k.a
DiGuglielmo’s Syndrome
37
M6 Type of anemia:
macrocytic, normochromic
38
Erythroid cells in AML M6: PAS =
Strongly (+)
39
Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia
M7
40
Requires immunocytochemical staining for accurate diagnosis (Factor VII stain: +
M7
41
AML subtypes that demonstrate Auer rods
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
42
Positive in MPO, SBB, SE
Myelocytic origin (1,2,3)
43
Positive in NSE (Butyrate), NSE (Acetate)
Monocytic origin (4,5)
44
Also known as: Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML)
45
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML) IS Characterized by the presence of
Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1)
46
Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1) is the reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of chromosome?
9 and 22
47
reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of chromosome 9 and 22 results in the formation of the?
BCR-ABL1 fusion gene
48
how many % of patients with CML have Ph1?
90%
49
Presence of Ph1 =
good prognosis
50
CML Must be differentiated from
LEUKEMOID REACTION (LR)
51
o Excessive leukocytic response in the peripheral blood o Confused with CM
LEUKEMOID REACTION (LR)
52
TEST Generally used to distinguish LR from CML
LEUKOCYTE (NEUTROPHIL) ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (LAP/NAP) TEST
53
the only type of WBCs that has LAP activity
Neutrophils
54
Principle: Hydrolysis of sodium alpha naphthyl phosphate by alkaline phosphatase produces a colored precipitate with a diazotised amine.
KAPLOW’S METHOD
55
KAPLOW’S METHOD Substrate
Sodium alpha naphthyl phosphate
56
Normal Kaplow’s Score =
20-100
57
GENERALLY: o ↑ LAP score – o ↓ LAP score –
LR CML
HEMA 1
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