what cells are derived from the Myeloblast
- erythrocyte
- Thrombocyte
- Monocyte
- Neutrophil
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
What can cause elevated neutrophils
bacterial infections
What can cause elevated immature neutrophils (bands)
- acute bacterial infections
- sepsis
What can cause elevated lymphcytes
viral infections
What can cause the presence of atypical lymphcytes
epstein-barr virus
What is the most common acute leukemia in adults
acute Myelogenous leukemia
what lab values would lead you to suspect acute Myelogenous leukemia
- peripheral blood is always abnormal
- accumulation of leukemic blasts
- reduced production of normal cells
- neutrophils
- erythrocytes
- platelets
what are two important causes of acute Myelogenous leukemia
- chemical exposure
- Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): malignant hematologic disease
AML signs and symptoms arrives from which three cells being affected
- RBC-> anemia
- Neutropenia
- thrombocytopenia
AML prognosis
- favorable if younger than 60 yo
- unfavorable if older than 60 yo or evolved from MDS
what is expected on peripheral smear in acute Myelogenous leukemia
Auer rods
what needs to be found in bone marrow biopsy for diagnosis of AML
Blasts > or = 20% of sample
What is Myelodysplastic syndrome
- ineffective hematopoiesis
- see cytopenias
- more common in those > 60 y.o.
What is tumor lysis syndrome
- emergeny!-> associated with high mortality
- initiation of cytotoxic therapy or can occur spontaneously
- massive tumor cell lysis: release of cellular contents
tumor lysis syndrome is manifested by what 4 symptoms
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypouricemia
treatment of tumor lysis syndrome
- prevention
- fluids
- frequent monitoring of
- K
- phosphorus
- uric acid
- calcium
risk factor for chronic myeloid leukemia
ionizing radiation
90% of chronic myeloid leukemia is due to what genetic abnormality
- philadelphia chromosome
- translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22
what are B symptoms
- fever
- drenching night swights
- weight loss
presentation
- fatigue
- malaise
- abdominal fullness
- splenomegaly
- B symptoms
chronic myeloid leukemia
chronic myeloid leukemia presents in what 3 phases
- chronic
- accelerated
- blast
chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia
- 80% patient diagnosed in this phase
- asymptomatic
- WBC > 100,000
- <10% blood or bone marrow cells are blasts
- typically lasts 5-6 yrs
accelerated phase of chronic myeloid leukemia
- 10-19% blood or BM cells are blasts
- symptomatic
- anemia
- fatigue
- malaise
- flu-like symptoms
blast crisis stage of chronic myeloid leukemia
- 20% or more of blood or bone marrow cells are blasts
- symptomatic
- splenomegally
- fatigue
- fever
